CLECTJC 


THE  ]  [BRARY 


THE  UNIVERSITY 


OF  CAL  [FORNIA 


LOS  ANGELES 


^    / 


•i 


SHORTHAND  COMPANION 


-FOR  THE  USK  OF— 


Business   Colleges,    Public   Schools, 

Teachers  and  Private 

Students. 

A  COMELETE  SELF  INSTRUCTOR 

— CONTAIXIXli— 

All  the  Principles  of  Eclectic  Shorthand   Pres- 
ented in  the  shortest  and  most 
Natural  Way. 


COPYRIGHTED 

1894. 


PREFACE. 


The  object  of  this  book  is  to  present  Eclectic  Short- 
hand in  a  clear  condensed  manner,  according  to  the 
methods  used  by  the  author  in  presenting  it  in  the 
Shorthand  Department  of  his  school  and  to  induce  stu- 
dents to  write  their  notes  as  short  as  possible. 

Some  rules  and  principles  are  introduced  not  found 
in  any  other  text-book.  Every  principle  in  the  system 
£2  is  dearly  illustrated  and  all  words  and  phrases  written 
•  •  .-is  short  as  they  can  be, from  the  very  beginning,  so  that 
J£  there  is  nothing  to  be  learned  over  again,  in  order  to 
f.-3  make  the  students'  notes  adequate,  as  is  necessary  in 
13  many  other  systems  and  text-books. 

For    convenience  in    referring    to    any  principle  or 

JJ   point   desired,  the  matter  is   condensed   and   all  super- 

M    fluou.s  matter  omitted.    Often  books  are  made  large  by 

£?    adding  superfluous  matter  in  order  to   sell   them  for  a 

larger  price,  but  practical  convenience  is  the  end  desired 

in  this  case  and  we  believe  the   matter  is  so   simple  and 

p     the  arrangement  and  development  so  natuial  that  the 

3     average  public  school   student  will  have  no  difficulty  in 

thoroughly  mastering  the  art. 

W.   L.   Mi/SICK, 
Author  and  Publisher. 

Sl'HIXGKIEIJ).   Mo. 


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Frequent,  words  which  should  be  learned 
so  that  they  can  be  written  without  hes- 
itation. You  must  know  them  like  you  know 
figures . 


f°£- 

froju^ 

before.,^ 

that 

to 

) 

,  —  „ 

o 

was 

whiles 

they 

thera^ 

had 

can 

get^ 

over. 

when 

know 

/_ 

n 

4id>-> 

don't, 

never 

nqt^ 

paid 

Words  Made  Downward 


a  x 

an  /    and^ 

as^ 

has  ' 

; 

) 

have. 

after   is 

his 

into/ 

I 

^ 

I/  ' 

in  '     him/ 

5L 

on/ 

oC 

hope    one/ 

us  • 

up  ^ 

upon 

under  ~^  but 

you 

your 

Words  Itode  Upward 

all     are/^   at,    add.    it. 
or/    our/   out/    oath^   old 

Vowe"ls  are  made  up  on  "L,R,T,D,TH"and 
down  on  all  other  consonant  positions. 


Special  List  of  Frequent  Word  Signs 
the'    with/   would   could^. 
each    whicho'  any  ^   gave    given  £/ — 
everv    veryy-  .".every  ,  everything 
question^   business \ 


Phrases  at  the  beginning  of  letters. 

Yourc  of  the  I5th ^//tf  In  reply^ 

Your  favor  of  the 

Your  letter  of  the  llth 

We  are  in  receipt  of 

We  have  your  favor  of  the  18th 

I  am  in  receipt  < 

In  receipt  ofj^f 


We  have  your  esteemed 
favor  of  the'  25th 

We  have  your  order  —  ^i_0 


Phrases  at  the  end  of  letters. 
This  will  be  satisfactory  ^~^ 
It  will  be  satisfactory/? 

Hoping  this  will  be  satisfactory 

9 
We  are    I  arn^  Yours 

Yours  sincerely      — 
Yourr,  respectfull 
We  may  be  favored 
Very  r 


•The  above  phrases  must  be  prac- 
ticed until  they  can  be  written 
without  any  hesitation. 


—If— 

Special  List  of  Frequent,  Phrases 


at  hand,   and  noted/ 
we  will"^   we    ^ 


.te  have'' 
we  can  not 


we  sent    we  have  no   we  are,  were" 

A 


we  are  not  and  are^    has  not 
has  been\   are  selling/^you  have  * 


you  will 
he  will0 
this  is-— 


may  be 
more  than 
this  was 


there  was^?  this  w 


—  M 


it  was. 
if  you 


it  were 
we  may 


can  be 
I  have 
there  i 
it  Is* 

it  will 

.-* 

do  not 


•«, 


was  /lot 

we  can  sell 

we  can  make  you 

we  will  feay-^^ 

we  have  nothing 

we  have  been 

as  soon  as 

as  such" 

as  much  a 

any  other 


s/3 


was  sent 

we  can  send' 

•> 
>^_ 

we  will  sell 
we  have  not 

we  have  sent 

S 

we  remain 

as  well  as ( 
as  much 
as  good  asxx 
than  any  other 
they  are', were 


—2.O- 


they  will, all 

I  have  sold 

there  was  no""^    it  was  the 

and  are  not  / 

and  will  /" 

if  you  are, were 

If  you  can 

x 

if  you  are  not 
if  you  can 

x 

if  you  do  not 

X -v 

if  you  will 
let  us  hear^ 
there  are  no0" 


which  is  the  of 


it  will  i 
.re  would" 
should  be 

J5 

we  would  lik 
think  this 


I  have  "been 
this  will  be 


>=u 

and  we  will 


and  we  will  sell 
if  you  can 
if  you 

if  you  were  not 
if  you  do 
if  you  have 
they  are  not 
let  us  know 


we  may  be  able 
which  was  the  ^ 
but  can  get  ^^/ 
we  do      ^ 


should  be  able 
j> 

be     ^ 


accept  our  thanks 


on  track  here/^/^  he  would  see 

we  have  sold      together  withy 

The  foregoing  phrases  should  be 
frequently  practiced  so  as  to  be 
written  without  hesitation. 


General  List 

of  Word  Signs 

accident 

anything  V^ 

ace  idental  -ly 

any  one  ^ 

action 

acknowledge-d 
knowledge 

aqueduct 
be  able 

acquaint-ed-ance 
advantage 

backward 
be  satisfied 

ad  van  tag  e  s  -  ous 
advise-ce  / 

be  instructed-iv 

advertise-d  "^ 

beyond 

advertising  -  —  •' 

believe  • 

advertisement  T* 

beliefx 

afterward-s, 

C^ 

afford 
agent 

almost 

benevolent-ce 
beneficent 
benefit  N" 
beneficiary 
business  \ 

although^ 

can  be 

altogether 

oould  be^ 

alone^ 
also 

charge-d 
"6 
change-d 

as  much 

£ 

as  such 

as  much  as  A7 

certify^" 
church 

character 

s" 

another 


char  ac  ter  s  -1  2  e 


c  orr  espond^ 

3.2  «<. 
establishment 

F 

correspondence^, 

o^    f 

classes 

N. 

every  other  „ 
ever  lasting-ly 

Christ 

et  caetera  (  etc  .  )  (7J 

Christ  Jesus 

every  one. 

Christian^ 

everybody 

Christmas^- 
Christianity* 

everywhere 
govern 

Christianize^^" 

governor, 

catholic 

government 

d  ef  endant^""^ 

c/    P' 

glad 

defendants"^ 

good  character  /" 

dif  f  erent-ce  —  < 
diff  icult-y  —< 

good  correspondent  /"° 
good  work  ^? 

del  i  ver-y-ed  "^ 

^ 
disadvantage 

dissatisfaction  *=• 

give  as  much  as  Cf 
gentlmn  ov  th  jury0'"^ 
happy 

downward 

happen 
help^ 

description^* 

highly  o 

domestic^' 

whollyo 

dominion^. 

hilly  o 

exchange0 
equally 

handwriting  £ 

G  • 
hardware 

evil 
evident-ce  ^>- 

honestly  J 

a 

hopeful 

establish-ed 

how  would 
O 

.23. 


I  am  satisfied/ 
is  instructed  * 
inroad^ 
inward/^, 

intelligent-ceX. 
intelligible^ 
independent-ce^ 
insignificant-ce/^ 
impracticable^  ' 
important-c  e  J~) 
improve-dJx"' 
impr  o  vemen  t^X' 
just  judge 

judgment 

_-x    \ 

Jesus  Christ\ 


kingdom/^' 

length  -y^ 

<^u 

ladies  and  gentlemen 

laughter 

language 

Lord  Jesus  Christ 

loves  us  /       \ 


little^ 

lightly^ 

lately 

lordly. 

manuf ac  turned 

manuf  ac  turing ' 

manuf  ac  turer  "" 

manufactory 

necessary  v- 

necessity ~ 

neglect-ed"^ 

negligent-ce"^ 

nevertheless  ~~~c- 

n  o twi  th  s  tand  ing 

next  time  *v 

not  much  0 

no  such  thing  Q 

opportunity 

-ive 
objection 
onward  / 
outward 
on  saidV 
practice-d 
practical -ly 


1  1^  z.> 

practicable-y 

f-—~  — 

plaintiff 

significant  ^~^- 

political^ 

supply  c 

perpend  icular-ly 

some  cne  

peculiar 

something 
suggest 

peculiarity 

somewhat 

questionable  ^ 

thousand^^ 

quickly^  , 
quantity  ' 

toward 
take-en,  time  / 

quality 

testimony 

railway""" 

United  States 

remarkable-y 
represent 

unqud  s  t  i  onab  1  e  "^  / 
unscr  iptural  ^.^ 

representation  / 

'•    -         £ 

unusual  -ly  j 

representative 

upon  us 

reflection 

upon  his 

reliable^ 

under"^ 

reliance? 

S 

upward 

remember 

unseif  ish-7j/  ~^~-g 

subject-ed 
subjective 

unpr  ac  t  i  c  ed  ~\y^~ 
d 
whatever 

subjection 

wherewith 

subsequent--/^ 

whatsoever 

signature  ^—^ 

whichever  a/ 

work, 


yes 


yea  siir0- 
beyond,you  may, 
you  may  be 
yonder 

young  man~~X__ 
young  woman 


yesterday*" 
"The  above  are  not  all  true  word  signs 
but  are  regular  outlines . 


Letters 


Detached  for  Termination 
of  Words 


fession) 

gate , gated , gat i  on ) 
ject-ed-ion) 

late-ed-ion,lition,lution 
mate-ed-ion,missionmotion 
nate-ed-ion , nition , nuti  on 
pate-ed-ion,etc . ) 
quate-ed-ion,etc. 
rate-ed-ion , etc . " 
sate-ed-ion , etc . 
tate-ed-i  on , e tc . 
vate-ed-ion,etc . 
wate-ed-ion, etc . _ 
thy,thize,thet-ic-al-ally) 
The  above  letters  are  detached  for 

the  termination  of  words  on  the  principle 

taught  under  rule  24  page  16 


F  detached  is 

G  "  " 

J  »  » 

L  "  " 

M  " 

N  "  " 

P 

Q 

R  »  » 

S  "  » 

T  "  " 

V  » 

W  »  " 

Th    "  » 


I  detached  is 
Br   "     " 
Tr    "      " 
Pr   "     " 
Gr 


ition) 

brate-ed-ion 

trate-ed-ion 

prate -ed-i on 

grate-ed-ionigression,etc.) 


Phrase  Signs 
one  by  one// 
day  by  day 
day  to  day 
day  after  day 
better  and  better 
again  and  again 
all  in  all 
less  and  less 


over  and  over 
ever  and  ever. 


.o-rNo 


forever  and  ever 
by  and  by^s 
time  to  time  ^ 
more  and  more  „  0 
side  by  side — •**—' 

8— 

farther  and  farther 


Familiar  words  like  for,  from, before, 
that,  to,  when,  but,  had,-  what,'  etc. ,  etc 
can  be  written  on  positions  to  represent 
words  following  them,  as; 


for  written  on   "a1 

is 

'for  a  or  an" 

for 

»e' 

n 

for  the 

for 

HUI 

it 

for  you 

from 

rigi 

M 

from  the 

from 

nui 

it 

from  you 

when 

"a1 

n 

when  a  or 

an 

when 

"i1 

n 

when  I 

when     " 

HUI    it 

when  you 

and  so  on,  thus; 
for  a  or  an.        from  a  or  'an 
for  the'  "         from  the' 
for  you  from  you 

before  the 
had  the° 
when  to. 


to  a  or  an 


to  you 


Any  of  the  Common  words  may  be  used 
ass  phrase  words,  and  when  written  on  "A" 
are  followed  by  "a  or  an".  When  written 
on  "E"  are  followed  by  "the".  When  writ/- 
ten on  "I"  are  followed  by  "I".  When 
written  on  "0"  are  followed  by  "to".  When 
written  on  "U"  are  followed  by  "you". 


The  following  are  \vritten  on  -the  same 
principle.   (Bear  in  mind  that  the 
short  letters  are  shortened  for  "M  or  N-1 
long     "     "  lengthened  "   "  "  " 

Short  !!I"  on  A  is  "in  aM  or- "In  »-n"    J 
"   "   '•  E  "  "in  the!! J- 


it  u  i«   "and  you!l 
it  i  H   "and  I'J 


•I        "        ii  E  "      "and  the.!! 


"F"  written  on  "A"  is  "if  a"  or  "if 

»     »    »   »E"   "   "if  thel! 

ii     ii    ii  HII  n  "    " 


"0"  up  on   "A"  is   "of  a"   or   "of  anIL 
"        "   '•     "E"     "      "of  th6i! 


II     II         HTT"         II         " 


U"     "     "of  youJ 


"0"  down  on   "A"  is   "on  a"  or  "on  anlL 
||        "        »     "E"      "      "oft  the.!! 


H           H  H        IHJH        H        ii  on   yOu!L 

"Z"  on  "A"  is  "as  a"  or  "as  e 

ii  H      "E11      "     "as  th.6" 

"  ti     "i"     "     "as  I!! 

"  "     "0"     "     "as  to.!: 


"      "" 


U"      "      "as  you!! 


"Is"   on   "A"   is   "is  a"   or   "is  an!! — 


"Was"   "     "        "   "was  a"   or  "was  anJ 
«Tsi»     H   nEn     »   H lt  ig  thel! 

"A"  up  on.  "E"  is  "at  thai! 


&j- 

in  the  place'*1 
in  a  manner 
in  a  body 
in  the  city^ 
in  the  meantime7 
In  the  course 
In  a  few  days 
in  the  future^  * 
in  the  state  of^ 

and  I  know  L 

and  I  think  ^ 
and  I  am  sure/ 
and  you  can 
and  you  know 
and  the  more  t~~s> 
and  the 
as  you  know 


of  the  money 

^s- 
of  a  good  man 

on  the  first, ^> 

of  the  month 

on  the  morning  of 


of  the  subject 
on  the  face  of 
of  such 
if  -I  can- — ' 
if  you  wish 

if  you  should 

/*• 

all  I  know<2_ 


all  you  can 


^~ 


but  you  can  ge 
but  I  can  not 
before  I 
it  is  the  very  thing 
in  the  same  manner 


Many  other  phrases  may  be  made  on  the 
same  principle. 


BUSINESS  GRAMMAR 


PUNCTUATION 

Designed  Especially  for  Commercial  and  Short- 
hand Departments. 

W  L.  MUSICK, 
AUTHOR  AND  PROPRIETOR, 
SPRINGFIELD,  MO. 
1894. 


PREFACE. 

This  book  is  not  intended  to  be  an  exhaustive  work 
on  the  subject,  but  as  a  coui>eof  instruction  in  grammar 
and  punctuation  that  will  render  the  pupil's  knowledge 
of  the  English  Language  thorough  and  practical.  It  is 
designed  to  be  used  with  any  reference  books  on  the  sub- 
ject and,  thereby,  may  be  made  as  extensive  as  desired. 
It  is  well  adapted  for  use  in  any  school  in  which  grnm- 
mar  is  taught,  leaving  the  instructor  to  bring  in  that 
which  will  be  most  needed  for  his  particular  class  and 
that  which  will  best  conform  to  his  individual  ideas.  In 
teaching  grammar,  we  recognize  the  necessity  of  closely 
studying  each  student  as  an  individual,  learning  well  his 
particular  deficiency  ana  bringing  in  whatever  is  needed 
or  his  partieular'ease,  therefore,  in  this  course  of  in- 
struction the  student  or  instructor  is  left  to  dwell  and 
enlarge  upon  whatever  may  be  most  necessary,  and  to 
whatever  extent  may  be  desired. 

SPHINGFIKLD,  Alo.,  1894. 


BUSINESS  GRAMMAR  AND  PUNCTUATION.  3 

Parts  of  Speech. 

There  are  nine  classes  of  words,  or  parts  of  speech,  in 
the  English  Language:  Nouns,  pronouns,  adjectives, 
verbs,  adverbs,  prepositions,  conjunctions,  participles, 
and  interjections. 

A.  NOUN  is  the  name  of  any  person,  place,  or  thing. 
Illustrate. 

NOUNS  are  of  two  kinds:  PROPER  and  COMMON.  Il- 
lustrate. 

A  PRONOUN  is  used  for  or  instead  of  a  noun.  Illus- 
trate. 

ADJECTIVES  modify  nouns  and  pronouns;  as,  good 
men,  that  house.  Illustrate. 

ADVERBS  modify  verbs,  adjectives^  or  other  adverbs. 
Illustrate. 

A  VERB  expresses  the  action  being  or  state  of  the 
.subject.  Illustrate. 

A  PREPOSITION  is  used  to  show  the  relation  between 
a  noun  or  pronoun  and  some  other  word.  Illustrate. 

A  CONJUNCTION  is  used  to  connect  words,  or  phrases, 
aud  clauses  of  the  same  rank.  Illustrate. 

A  PARTICIPLE  has  the  nature  of  a  verb  but  used  as 
some  other  part  of  speech.  Illustrate. 


The  Sentence. 


A  SENTENCE  is  a  thought  expressed  in  words.  Illus- 
trate. 

A  SIMPLE  sentence  is  a  single  sentence;  as,  Stars 
shine.  Who  comes  here  ?  Move  slowly. 

A  COMPLEX  sentence  consists  of  a  principal  sentence, 
some  part  of  which  is  modified  by  a  subordinate  pen- 


4  BUSINESS  GRAMMAR  AND  PUNCTUATION. 

tence;  as,  Leaves  fall  when  Autumn  comes.     He  who  is 
diligent  will  win  the  race. 

A  COMPOUND  sentence  consists  of  two  or  more  sen- 
tences joined  by  a  co-ordinate  conjunction;  as,  Summer 
comes  and  fruit  ripens.  Talent  is  power  but  tact  is  skill. 


Principal  Elements. 


The  PRINCIPAL  ELEMENTS  of  a  sentence  are  the  sub- 
ject and  predicate.  Illustrate. 

The  SUBJECT  may  be  a  word,  phrase,  or  sentence;  as 
Winter  is  coming.  To  cheat  is  wrong.  How  the  acci- 
dent occurred  is  not  known.  Pay  us  you  go  is  a  good 
rule. 

The  PREDICATE  consists  of  a  verb  with  or  without 
modifiers;  as  Kain  falls.  He  studies  to  learn. 

The  SUBJECT  is  simple  when  only  one  thing  is  spoken 
of;  as,  Water  moves. 

The  SUBJECT  is  compound  when  two  or  more  things 
are  spoken  of;  as  Kansas  and  Missouri  are  states. 

The  PREDICATE  is  simple  when  but  one  thing  is  affirm- 
ed of  the  subject;  as,  Men  die.  God  is  love. 

The  predicate  is  compound  when  two  or  mote  things 
are  affirmed  of  the  subject;  as,  Animals  eat  and  sleep. 

NOTK. — Write  and  examine  many  sentences  to  fully 
and  thoroughly  illustrate  the  above  definitions. 


Modifying  Elements. 


The  MODIFYING  ELEMENTS  are  adjective  and  udverbia  1. 
These  elements  may  be  words,  phnises,  or  sentences. 


BUSINESS  GRAMMAR  AND  PUNCTUATION.  5 

Whatever  modifies  a  uoun  or  pronoun  is  an  ADJEC: 
TIVE  element ;  as  The  diligent  scholar  improves.  A  flock 
of  birds  was  in  sight.  The  bouse  which  stood  on  the 
corner  burned  down. 

Whatever  modifies  a  verb,  adjective,  or  adverb  is  an 
ADVERBIAL  element ;  as,  The  horse  was  sold  yesterday. 
The  house  was  sold  to  pay  a  debt.    He  studies  that  he 
nuiy  learn. 

CONNECTING  elements  are  conjunctions,  prepositions, 
some  adverbs,  and  the  relative  pronouns.* 

INDEPENDENT  elements  are  tnose  that  are  independ- 
ent of  the  sentence. 

Whatever  is  the  object  of  a  verb  or  preposition  is  an 
objective  element. 

An  objective  element  may  bo  a  word  phrase  or  sen- 
tence; as,  The  soil  produces  corn.  He  knows  -that  you 
are  diligent.  I  did  not  hear  of  it  in  time. 

The  Copula  connects  the  subject  and  its  attribute, 
and  is  the  verb  be  with  its  different  forms;  am,  is,  was, 
were,  are,  etc.,  as,  The  world  is  beautiful.  He  is  my 
friend.  He  was  rich. 

NOTE. — Select  additional  sentences  for  further  illus- 
tration and  practice  if  desired. 


Modifications  of  Nouns  and  Pronouns. 


NOUNS  and  PRONOUNS  have  Number,  Person,  Gender, 
and  Case. 

SINGULAR  number  denotes  one  thing.    Illustrate. 

PLURAL  number  denotes  more  than  one  thing.  Illus- 
trate. 

NOTE. — Study  the  formation  of  plurals  by  the  use  of 
various  reference  books. 


6  BUSINESS  GRAMMAR  AND  PUNCTUATION. 

PERSON,  in  grammar,  denotes  the  speaker,  the  person 
or  thing  spoken  to,  or  the  person  or  thing  spoken  of, 
and  is  designated  as  first,  second,  or  third  person.  Illus- 
trate. 

Gender,  in  grammar,  denotes  sex.  The  Masculine  is 
distinguished  from  the  feminine  in  three  ways : 

1 .  By  a  difference  in  the  ending  of  words ;  as,  count, 
countess;  executor,  executrix. 

2.  By  using  different  words;    as,    son,    daughter. 
Ess  is  the  most  common  ending  for  feminine  nouns. 

3.  By  prefixing  a  distinguishing  word ;  as,  man- 
servant, maM-servant. 

DEFINITIONS.— MASCULINE  gender  denotes  males. 
FEMININE  gender  denotes  females.  NEUTER  gender  de- 
notes neither  male  nor  female.  COMMON  gender  denotes 
either  sex. 

NOTE. — Illustrate  by  the  use  of  different  words  and 
sentences. 

CASE  denotes  the  condition  or  office  of  a  noun  or  pro- 
noun iu  a  sentence. 

The  NOMINATIVE  case  denotes  the  subject  or  attri- 
bute. Illustrate. 

The  POSSESSIVE  case  denotes  possession.     Illustrate. 

The  OBJECTIVE  case  denotes  the  object  in  the  sen- 
tence or  principal  word  in  a  prepositional  phrase.  Illus- 
trate. 

The  POSSESSIVE  SINGULAR  is  formed  by  adding  an 
apostrophe  and  s  to  the  nominative;  as,  John's. 

When  the  plural  ends  in  s,  use  the  apostrophe  only. 


-  Pronouns. 


A  PRONOUN  is  a  word  used  for  or  instead  of  a  noun, 
to  prevent  the  awkward  repetition  of  nouns  in  the  same 
connection. 


BUSINESS  GRAMMAR  AND  PUNCTUATION.  7 

PRONOUNS  are  divided  unto  personal,  relative,  inter- 
rogative, aud  adjective. 

The  noun,  pronoun,  phrase,  or  clause  for  which  the 
pronoun  stands  is  called  its  ANTKCEDENT. 

PERSONAL  PRONOUNS  are  distinguished  by  their  form 
as  first, second,  or  third  person,  aud  are  simple  and  com- 
pound. 

The  SIMPLE  personal  pronouns  are  /,  thon,  you,  he 
she,  and  it,  with  their  plurals  we,  you,  aud  they. 

The  COMPOUND  personal  pronouns  are  myself,  thy- 
self, himself,  herself,  and  itself,  with  their  plurals  our- 
selves, yourselves,  and  themselves. 

The  following  are  the  different  forms  in  the  different 
cases  : 

uom. — I  we  you 

poss. — my  or  mine      our  or  ours     your  or  yours 

obj.— me  us  jou 

uom. — he  she  thtjy 

poss  — his  her  or  hers,     their  or  theirs 

obj. — him  her  them 

Personal  pronouns  agree  with  their  antecedent  in 
person,  number,  and  gender;  as,  All  that  a  man  hath, 
will  he  give  for  his  life.  A  tree  is  known  by  its  fruit. 

A  RELATIVE  PRONOUN  relates  to  its  antecedent  in 
such  a  way  as  to  connect  a  sentence  to  it;  as,  The  car- 
riage which  brought  us  has  returned.  The  horse  which 
you  sold  me  is  lame.  A  man  who  is  industrious  will 
prosper.  .-.'••". 

The  SIMPLE  RELATIVES  are  who,  which,  whnt,  and 
that.  WZjo  is  used  to  represent  persons;  which  and 
what,  to  represent  things;  that,  to  represent  both  per- 
sons and  things;  and  as,  to  take  the  place  of  who  after 
such,  many,  aud  same. 


8  BUSINESS  GRAMMAR  AMU  PUNCTUATION. 

1.  Those  who  sow  will  reap.  2.  I  send  you  the 
inoupy  which  I  have.  H.  They,  that  forsake  the  law 
praise  the  wicked.  4.  This  is  the  dog  that  worried  the 
cat  that  killed  the  rat. 

COMPOUND  RELATIVES  are  formed  by  adding  ever,  so, 
and  soever  to  the  simple  relatives;  as,  Whatsoever  ye 
shall  ask  in  my  name  that  will  I  do. 

NOTE. — What,  when  a  relative,  can  be  changed  to 
that  which;  as,  Tell  me  what  [that  which]  you  know. 

Many  sentences  may  be  selected  for  practice  and 
thus  as  many  lessons  given  on  this  subject  as  may  seem 
necessary. 

The  INTERROGATIVE  PRONOUNS  are  who,  which,  and 
what,  when  used  in  asking  questions;  as,  Who  comes 
here?  Which  is  your  book?  What  did  Wellington  ac- 
complish? 

An  ADJECTIVE  PRONOUN  fills  the  office  of  an  adjective 
and  a  noun;  as,  Those  who  sow  will  reap.  Give  to  each 
his  share. 

The  adjective  pronouns  are  all,  both,  each,  either, 
neither,  many,  much,  none,  etc. 


The  Verb. 


A  VERB  is  a  word  that  expresses  the  action,  being,  or 
state  of  the  subject. 

A  REGULAR  verb  forms  its  past  tense,  indicative 
mode,  and  perfect  participle  by  adding  ed  to  the  present; 
as,  present,  act;  perfect,  acted;  past  participle,  acted. 

An  IRREGULAR  verb  forms  its  past  indicative,  and 
perfect  participle  by  changing  the  word  to  denote  the 
tense;  as,  present,  go;  past,  went;  perfect  participle, 
gone. 


BUSINESS   GRAMMAR  AND  PUNCTUATION.  b 

TENSE  meaus  the  time  of  the  action,  or  the  being. 

The  PRESENT  tense  denotes  the  action  as  present. 

The  PAST  tense  denotes  past  time. 

The  FUTURE  tenso  denotes  future  time. 

The  PRESENT  PERFECT  tense  denotes  the  action  com- 
pleted at  the  present  time. 

The  PAST  PERFECT  denotes  the  action  completed  at 
some  past  time. 

The  FUTURE  PERFECT  denotes  the  action  completed 
at  some  future  time. 

A  TRANSITIVE  verb  requires  an  object  to  complete  its 
meaning;  as,  The  hunter  killed  a  bear.  The  scholar 
learned  his  lesson. 

An  INTRANSITIVE  verb  does  not  require  au  object  to 
complete  its  meaning;  as.  Flowers  bloom.  The  wind 
blows  furiously. 

There  are  three  participles;  the  PRESENT,  PAST,  and 
PERFECT;  as,  PRESENT,  riding;  PAST,  ridden ;  PEREECT, 
having  ridden:  moving,  moved,  having  moved. 

The  participle  is  sometimes  used  as  a  noun  or  a u 
adjective,  and  is  then  called  a  VERBAL  NOUN  or  a  VERBAL 
ADJECTIVE. 

MODE  denotes  the  manner  of  action  or  being. 

•The  INDICATIVE  mode  asserts  a  fact.    Illustrate. 

The  POTENTIAL  mode  asserts  the  power,  duty,  obli- 
gation, eto.  Illustrate. 

The  IMPERATIVE  mode  commands,  exhorts,  entreats, 
etc.  Illustrate. 

The  INFINITIVE  mode  expresses  action  or  being  with- 
out limit.  Illustrate. 

AUXILIARY  vei  bs  help  to  form  the  different  modes 
and  tenses.  They  are  do,  be,  have,  shall,  vrill,  may,  cnn, 
must,  might,  could,  would,  and  should. 


II! 


BUSINESS  GRAMMAR  AND  PUNCTUATION. 


SIGNS  OF  THE  TENSK8. 

Indicative  mode — 

PRESENT  and  PAST,  no  sign. 

PRESENT  PERFECT,  hn  ve. 

PAST  PERFECT,  had. 

FUTURE,  shall,  or  will. 

FUTURE  PERFECT,  shall  hu  re,  or  will  hit  ve. 

Potential  mode — 

PRESENT,  may,  can,  or  must, 

PAST,  might,  would,  could,  or  should. 

PRESENT  PERFF.CT,  may  have,  can  have,  must  huve. 

PAST  PERFECT,  might  have,  could  ha  ve,  etc. 


PRINCIPAL  PARTS. 


Irregular  verbs- 
Present, 
do 
am 
begin 
fall 

g« 
have 
ride 

Regular  verbs  - 
learn 
love 
walk 
work 


Past. 

Perfect  participle 

did 

done 

was 

been 

began 

begun 

fell 

fallen 

went 

gone 

had 

had 

rode 

ridden 

learned 
loved 
walked 
worked 


learned 
loved 
walked 
worked 


RULE  1. 
RULE  2. 
adverbs. 


Rules  of  Syntax. 

Adjectives  modify  nouns  or  pronouns. 
Adverbs  modify  verbs,  adjectives, and  other 


BUSINESS  GRAMMAR  AND  PUNCTUATION.  11 

RULE  3.  A  noun  or  pronoun  which  is  the  subject  or 
attribute  of  a  sentence  is*iu  the  nominative  case. 

RULE  4.  A  preposition  shows  the  relation  between 
its  object  and  the  word  which  the  phrase  modifies. 

RULE  5.  Conjunctions  connect  words,  phrases  or 
sentences. 

RULE  6.  A  noun  or  pronoun  used  as  an  explanatory 
modifier,  is  in  the  eame  case  as  the  word  explained,  by 
opposition. 

RULE  7.  The  object  of  a  verb  or  preposition  is  in 
the  objective  case. 

RULE  8.  A  pronoun  must  agree  with  itsantecendent 
in  person,  number,  and  gender. 

RULE  9.  A  verb  must  agree  with  its  subject  in  per- 
son and  number. 

RULE  10.  Nouns  denoting  time,  measure,  or  value, 
may  be  in  the  objective  case  without  a  governing  word. 

RULE  11.  An  infinitive  may  be  used  as  a  noun  in 
any  r-ase  except  the  possessive. 


Analysis. 


EXAMPLE.— Washington  captured  Coruwallis. 

This  is  a  sentence;  simple,  declarative,  (why?).  You 
understood  is  the  subject;  bring  is  the  predicate  modified 
by  Cornwallis,  an  objective  element. 

Bring  me  some  flowers. 

This  is  a  sentence;  simple,  imperative,  (why?).  You 
understood  is  the  subject:  bring  is  the  predicate  modifi- 
ed by  flowers  an  objective  element  and  by  "to  me"  an 
adverbial  phrase. 


12  BUSINESS  GRAMMAR  AND  PUNCTUTAION. 

Exercises. 

1.  He  is  my  friend.  2.  John  locked  the  door  and 
put  the  key  in  his  pocket.  3.  God's  balance,  watched 
by  angels,  is  hung  across  the  sky.  4.  Nothing  is  law 
that  is  not  reason.  5.  There  is  a  limit  at  which  for- 
bearance ceases  to  be  a  virtue. 

6.  Unless  he  reforms  soon  he  is  a  ruined  man.  7. 
How  pleasant  it  is  to  see  the  sun!  8.  A  life  of  prayer  is 
a  life  of  heaven.  9.  To  love  is  to  obey.  10.  He  that 
refuseth  instruction  despiseth  his  own  soul.  11.  Both 
the  ties  of  nature  and  the  dictates  of  policy  demand  this. 
12.  He  came  and  went  like  a  pleasant  thought.  13. 
The  Rhone  flows  out  from  among  the  Alps.  14.  I  have 
not  seen  him  since  I  returned  from  New  York.  15.  1 
saw  him  before  he  left. 

16.  The  house  which  you  admire  so  much,  belongs 
to  the  man  whom  we  hee  yonder.  17.  He  will  do  what 
is  right.  18.  Tell  me  whom  you  saw.  19.  This  is  the 
man  for  whom  we  sent.  20.  I  remember  what  you  said. 


Arrangement  of  Elements. 


The  elements  of  sentences  are  arranged   in  NATURAL 
or  INVERTED  order. 

The  Natural  order  of  arrangement  is, 
In  declarative  sentences: 

1 .  Subject predicate;  as,  Winds  blow 

2.  Subject copula, attribute;  as,  Chalk  is  white. 

3.  Subject auxiliary predicate;  as,  You  may  go. 

In  interrogative  sentences: 

1.    Copula subject predicate;  as,  Is  he  wise? 


BUSINESS  GRAMMAR  AND  PUNCTUATION.  13 

2.  Auxiliary subject predicate;  as,  May  I  go? 

3.  Predicate subject;  as,  Say  you  so? 

4.  Subject predicate;  as,  Who  remained? 

INVERTED  ORDER  is  used  to  emphasize  the  predicate; 

as,  Great  was  our  wonder.    Known  unto  God  are  all  his 
works. 

MODIFYING  ELEMENTS  should  be  placed  as  near  the 
words  they  modify  as  possible. 


Correct  the  Arrangement. 


1.  I  could  see  that  the  floor  had  been  swept  with 
half  an  eye. 

2.  He  went  to  town,  driving  a  flock  of  sheep,  on 
horseback. 

3.  Wanted,  a  room  for  a  single  gentleman  well  fur- 
nished. 

4.  Nature  tellss  me,  I  am  the  image  of  God  as  well  as 
scripture. 

5.  A  child  was  run   over  by  a  heavj-  wagon,  four 
years  old. 

6.  I  cannot  think  of  leaving  you  without  distress. 


Sentences  Selected 

FOR  ILLUSTRATION  AND  ANALYSIS. 


[Use  any  system  of  diagraming  desired.] 


BUSINESS  GRAMMAR  AND  PUNCTUATION. 


ADJECTIVE. 

A  word,  phrase,  or  sentence. 

1.  All  men  are  mortal.  2.  Many  wise  men  have 
written  books.  8.  Those  birds  of  prey  secure  their  vic- 
tim. 4.  The  man  whom  you  saw  lives  in  the  city.  5. 
The  bird  which  was  crippled  died.  6.  I  saw  a  drove  of 
cattle.  7.  Jane  is  studying  modern  history.  8.  The 
evening  train,  turning  a  sharp  curve  wan  thrown  from 
the  track. 

ADVERB. 

A  word,  phrase,  or  sentence. 

1.  The  patient  suffered  intensely.  2.  You  should 
listen  more  attentively.  3.  Too  much  time  was  wasted. 

4.  An  intensely  painful  operation   tvas  performed.     5. 
A  peculiarly  interesting  story  was  told.    6.    An  extrav- 
agantly high  price  was  paid.     7.    The  sun  is  in  the  west. 
8.    She  sits  by  the  open  window.     9.     He  threw   it   into 
the  river.    10.    She  came  after  you   had  gone.    11.    I 
had  ridden  a  short  distance  when  the  sun  began  to    rise. 

VERBS  COMPLETED  BY  OBJECTS. 

1.  Harry  saw  the  sun.  2.  Me  and  Lillie  saw  you. 
3.  Him  and  me  swept  the  room.  4.  The  old  man  slow- 
ly saws  the  green  wood  5.  I  want  him  to  go.  0.  I 
like  hunting  buffalos.  7.  He  hopes  to  succeed.  8. 
The  old  man  cried  "'Our  armies  swore  terribly  in  Fland- 
ers." 

VERBS  COMPLETED  BY  ATTRIBUTES. 

1.  He  is  my  friend.  2.  The  man  is  honest.  3.  The 
flower  is  beautiful.  4.  The  horse  is  a  beautiful  animal. 

5.  It  was  me  and  him.    6.    All  men  are  mortal.      7.    If 


BUSINESS  GRAMMAR  AND  PUNCTUATION. 


1  were  he,  I  would  go  to  Europe.  8.  Jt  was  not  me  who 
played  truant.  9.  The  command  was  "Storm  the  fort 
at  daybreak."  10.  I  am  he  whom  you  seek. 

PREPOSITION. 

1.  Will  you  go  with  me  iuto  the  Garden? 

2.  In  my  father's  house  are  many  mansions. 

3.  We  went  over  the  river,  through  the  cornfield, 
into  the  woods. 

4.  The  Rhone  flows  out  from  among  the  Alps. 

CONJUNCTION. 

1 .  Talent  is  something,  but  tact  everything. 

2.  I  remember    a  mass  of  things,  but  nothing  dis- 
tinctly.   2.    Both  the  tie&  of  nature  and  the  dictates  of 
policy  demand  this.    4.    The  truth  is  that  I  am  tired  of 
ticking.    5.    There  may  be  wisdom  without  knowledge 
and  there  may  be  knowledge  without  wisdom. 

PERSONAL   PRONOUNS. 

1.  Him  and  me  were  playmates.  2.  Her  and  my 
aunt  are  great  friends.  3.  They  live  in  our  house.  4, 
I  sse  them  on  their  winding  way.  5.  For  we  dare  not 
make  ourselves  of  the  number,  or  compare  ourselves 
with  some  that  commend  themselves  :  but  they,  meas- 
uring themselves  by  themselves,  and  comparing  them- 
selves among  themselves,  are  not  wise. 

RELATIVE  PRONOUNS. 

1.  Tell  me  whom  you  saw.  2.  This  is  the  man  for 
whom  we  sent.  3.  I  got  what  I  desired.  4.  Happy  is 
the  man  that  h'ndeth  wisdom.  5.  I  remember  what 
5"ou  said.  6.  Whatever  purifies  sanctifies.  7.  Whoso 
keepeth  the  law  is  a  wise  son.  8.  Whoever  enters  here 
should  have  a  pure  heart. 


16  BUSINESS  GRAMMAR  AND  PUNCTUATION. 

ADJECTIVE  PRONOUNS. 

1.    That  book  is  yours.     2.     What  did  you  say? 

3.  I  did  not  say  that.     4.    The  ground  is  your  own. 
5.    You  do  your  duty  and  I  will  do  mine. 

INTERROGATIVE  PRONOUNS. 

1.  Who  saw  the  horse  run?  2.  For  whom  did  he 
inquire?  3.  Which  will  you  have,  the  small  or  the  large 
hook?  4.  Which  is  the  lesson?  5.  What  can  be  more 
beautiful  than  that  landscape? 

CONJUNCTIVE  ADVEBB8. 

1.  Water  freezes  when  it  is  cold.  2.  You  may  wait 
until  I  return.  3.  Flowers  bloom  when  spring  comes. 

4.  You  do  as  I  do.     5.    The  people  were  astonished 
when  they  heard  her  voice.    6.    He  will    have  friends 
wherever  he  may  be.    7.    Whether  the  planets  are  inhab- 
ited,   was   discussed    last    evening.      8.     He  locks  the 
door  after  the  horse  is  stolen.    i).    He  never  has  a  lesson 
because  he  is  too  lazy  to  study. 

APPOSITIVES. 

1.  I  saw  your  brother,  him  who  is  a  doctor.  2. 
Brooklyn,  a  city  in  the  United  States,  is  noted  for  its 
churches.  3.  Mrs.  Smith,  the  doctor,  is  related  to  Mr.. 
Brown,  the  blacksmith.  4.  Ira  Jacobs,  him  who  you 
punished,  was  not  to  be  blamed. 

PARTICIPLES. 

1.  The  good  King  betrayed  by  his  enemies  fled  to 
his  castle.  2.  Being  innocent  of  the  charge,  be  firm  and 
confident.  3.  The  vessel  sailing  in  the  bay  has  no  cap- 
tain. 4.  We  heard  the  wolves  howling  in  the  woods.  5. 
The  snow  being  deep,  we  could  not  proceed.  6.  Being 
human  he  is  not  perfect.  7.  We  heard  the  owl  hooting. 


BUSINESS  GRAMMAU  AND  PUNCTUATION.  17 


INFINITIVKS. 

1.  To  orr  is  human.  2.  To  obey  is  to  enjoy.  3. 
HH  loves  to  play.  4.  Time  to  come  is  called  future.  5. 
He  bade  him  depart,  (i.  He  made  his  horse  go  very  fast 

SUBJECT  OK  OHJECT. 

May  be  word,  phrase,  or  sentence. 

1.  Winter  is  comini?.  2.  To  steal  is  base.  3.  Pay 
as  you  go  is  a  good  rule.  4.  Men  love  money.  5.  I 
wish  to  be  quiet.  G.  Alice  knew  that  we  were  not  at 
home. 


18  BUSINESS  GRAMMAR  AND  PUNCTUATION. 


BUSINESS  PUNCTUATION. 


The  marks  of  punctuation  are  of  three  kinds,  gram- 
matical, typographical,  and  referential.  ThegrHmmati- 
cal,  or  rhetorical  points  are  the  period  (.);  comma  (,); 
semicolon  (;);  colon  (:);  and  the  hyphen  (-),  when  used  to 
form  compound  words. 

THE  PERIOD.     (  .  ) 

The  period  is  used:  1.  At  the  end  of  every  sentence 
whose  context  does  not  require  a  mark  of  exclamation 
or  interrogation.  Example.  A  good  correspondent  is 
neat. 

2.  After  all  abbreviations,  except  those  formed  by 
using  an  apostrophe  to  show  the  omission  of  letters. 
Ex.    F.  o.  b.     C.  o.  d.    Agt. 

3.  As  a  decimal  point.    NOTE.— The  period  must  be 
used  between  dollars  and  cents,  this  being  a  true  deci- 
mal.   Ex.    3041.165.    $  14.00.    $12.35. 

4.  After  a  heading,  address,  or  signature.   Ex.  Part 
One.    Philip  Gould,  Cambridge,  Mass. 

Exercise. 

^"Rewrite  in  accordance  with  proceeding  rules. 

Mr.  Obadiah  Cook,  of  Howell,  Me,  wanted  to  improve 
his  education  His  friends  advised  him  to  stay  at  home, 


BUSINESS  GRAMMAR  AND  PUNCTUATION.  19 

and  saw  wood  or  hoe  corn  He,  however,  was  ambitious 
He  attended  a  first-class  Jtwsiness  college  at  So  Framing- 
ham,  Mass,  paying  $35,14  for  tuition,  etc  He  learned 
bookkeeping,  stenography,  and  terms  like  "K  d,"  "C  o 
d,"  "f  o  b,"  and  others  He  soon  obtained  a  position  as 
stenographer  to  the  Frt  Agt  of  the  B  &  M  R  R  He  was 
rapidly  promoted  until  he  became  G  P  A  with  a  salary 
of  f  r>000,00  per  year:  Now  his  friends  saw  wood  for 
him. 

THE  COMMA.     (  ,  ) 

The  rules  for  the  comma,  though  usually  perplexing, 
may  be  acquired  by  a  tliorongh  study.  The  difficulty 
has  been  that  mowt  books  have  been  too  vague,  to  be 
understood  easily.  We  have  tried  to  make  the  following 
rules  simple,  and  to  illustrate  them  by  practical  business 
matter. 

NOTE. — The  luuutions  of  the  comma  are  four-fold. 
First,  to  show  that  the  word,  phrase,  or  clause,  pointed 
off,  does  not  qualify  what  immediately  precedes  or  fol- 
lows. Second,  to  indicate  the  omission  of  qualifying 
words  or  phrases.  Third,  to  show  that  a  word,  phrase, 
or  clause,  is  of  a  parenthetical,  appositive,  or  explana. 
tory  nature.  Fourth,  to  avoid  ambiguity. 

1.  Use  a  comma  before  a  phrase  commencing  with  a 
participle,  when  it  is  separated  from  the  word  it  qualifies, 
Ex.    We  enclose  our  check  for  f  25  35,  covering  our  ac- 
count 

2.  Use  a  comma  after  a  complimentary  closing,  if  to 
be  followed  by  a  signature.    Ex.    Yours  truly,  W.  E. 
Russell. 

3.  Before  the  word  "which,"  when  it  is  separated 
from  its  antecedent.    Ex.  We  enclose  copy  of  your  letter 
of  Sept.  23,  which  was  missent. 


20  BUSINESS  GRAMMAR  AND  PUNCTUATION. 


4.  A  conditional  clause,  usually  beginning  with 
"if,"  "though,"  "unless,"  "except"  etc.,  is  separated 
from  the  rest  of  the  sentence,  with  a  comma.  Ex.  If 
you  have  not  received  our  letter,  let  us  hear  from  you  at 
once.  Come  to  our  office  at  2  o'clock,  if  possile. 

C.  When  a  clause  or  phrase  is  placed  at  the  begin- 
ning of  a  sentence,  it  is  followed  by  a  comma.  Ex. 
Since  writing  you  yesterday,  we  have  received  your 
check. 

6.  Explanatory  and   parenthetical  expressions  are 
pointed   off  with   commas.     Ex.     (Explanatory)  This 
leaves  n  balance  of  $23.82,  as  per  statement  enclosed. 
(Parenthetical)  The  fact  is,  as  you  doubtless  are  aware, 
we  have  had,  etc.    He,  however,  prevailed  upon  us. 

7.  Modified    members  of  compound  predicates  are 
eparated  by  comma.';.    Ex.    We  are  advised  that  you  . 

are  in  trouble,  and  write  to  ask  what  the  condition  of  af- 
fairs is.  We  have  no  orders  to  send  you  by  this  mail, 
but  shall  be  most  happy  to  send  you  one  when  oppor- 
1  unity  offers. 

8.  When  a  clause  or  phrase  is  separated  from  the 
word    it    modifies,  by  another    clause,  or  phrase,    it  is 
pointed    off  with    commas.    Ex.    We    name  very    low 
prices  on  our  goods,  with  the  expectation  of  having  our 
bills  met  at  maturity.     We  return  your   invoice  of  the 
21st  inst.,  for  correction. 

9  In  cases  like  "corning  and  going,"  "men  and 
women,"  "receipt  and  return,'1  no  comma  is  used  before 
"and";  but,  if  the  first  member  is  followed  by  a  modify- 
ing word  or  phrase,  a  comma  is  needed;  as,  We  thank 
you  for  sending  us  lists  of  prices,  and  keeping  us  posted 
in  regard  to  the  market.  We  think  Mr.  Smith  is  acting 
very  singularly  in  this  matter,  and  most  unbusinesslike. 


BUSINESS  GRAMMAR  AND  PUNCTUA1  ION.  21 

10.  A  long,  complex  (consisting  of  different  elements) 
subject  is  separated  from  its  predicate,  in  order  to  avoid 
ambiguity.    Ex. 

11.  A  participial,  adjective,  absolute,  adverbial,  or 
independent  pbrase  or  clause  at  the  beginning  of  a  sen- 
tence, is  followed  by  a  comma.    Ex.    (Participial) Trust- 
ing that  you  will  make  this  step  unmcessary,we  remain. 
(Absolute)  He  having  completed  his  business,  we  must 
go.     (Adverbial)  In  your  judgment,  will  the  carriage  be 
safe  to  use  the  balance  of  the  season?    (Independent)  My 
dear  sir,  wo  can  not  do  so. 

12.  A  relative  clause  used  to  distinguish  the  ante- 
cedent from  other  objects  of  the  same  name  requires  no 
punctuation;  HS,  The  firm  that  makes  these  goods,  is  in 
Boston. 

13.  A  Relative  clause  used  to  describe  the  anteced- 
ent, is  separated  by  a  comma;  as,  This  firm,  which  is  the 
largest  of  its  kind,  is  in  Boston. 

14.  A  comma  is  usually  used  to  indicate  the  omis- 
sion of  words.    Ex.    We  enclose  statement  of  your  ac- 
count,  now  due.      [Your  account  (which  is)    now  due.] 
The  Adams  Express,  in  New  York.     [The  Adams  Express 
(which  is)  in  New  York.] 

NOTE.— This  rule  noes  not  apply  to  the  omission  of  a 
single  word,  when  the  coustructiou  is  close;  as,  "In  re- 
ply will  say."="[n  reply  (we)  will  say."  "Your  favor  at 
hand."=''Your  favor  (is)  at  hand."  "Your  postal  duly 
received. "="Your  postal  (is)  duly  received." 

15.  An  inverted  or  transposed   phrase  or  clause  is 
pointed  off  with  commas.    Ex.     Why  he  should  discrim- 
inate between  us, we  are  at  a  loss  to  understand.    (Prop- 
erly, We  are  at  a  loss  to  understand  why  he.  etc.).   When 
you  are  ready,  we  should  pleased  to  see  you. 


aa  BUSINESS  GRAMMAR  AND  PUNCTUATION. 

16.  "Etc."  should  be  preceded  by  a  comma.    Ex. 
We  send  catalogue  of  wood  mantels,  etc. 

17.  Series  of  words,  or  series  of  pairs  of  words  join- 
ed with  "and,"  or  similar  conjunctives,  are  pointed  off 
with  commas.    Ex.    We  enclose  list  of  prices  of  nails, 
bolts,  screws,  and  other  hardware.    There  is  to  b*»  a  sale 
of  watches  and  jewelry,  books  and  paintings,  furniture 
and  bric-a-brac. 

18.  Each  of  the  members  of  an  address  or  date-line, 
is  pointed  off  with  commas.    Ex.    John  Jones,  34  Duane 
St.,  New  Yo»-k  City,  N.  Y.    Boston,  Mass.,  May  29, 1892. 

19.  When  the  subject  ends  with  a  verb,  and  the 
predicate  begins  with  a  verb,  a  comma  is  used  to  separ- 
ate them.    Ex.    Whatever  is,  is  right. 

20.  Commas  are   used   before  direct   quotations. 
Ex.    Supt.  Bates  says,  "We  drove  the  Northern  off  the 
Barton  line." 

21.  Words  used  in  direct  address,  are  pointed  off 
with  commas.    Ex.    My  friends,  this  is  distinctively  the 
era  of  progress. 

22.  Before  and  after  words  like  "however,"  "too," 
"perhaps,"  etc.,  when  they  break  the  continuity  of  the 
sentence.    Ex.    We,  however,  do  not  do  business  in  that 
way. 

THE  SEMICOLON.     (:) 

The  semicolon  is  a  mark  of  punctuation,  the  function 
of  which  is  to  denote  a  separation  of  thought,  or  a 
grammatical  distinction  greater  than  that  indicated  by 
the  comma. 

1.  Contrasted  members  of  compound  sentences  are 
separated  with  semicolons.  Ex.  Please  send  us  a 
check  at  your  earliest  convenience;  or,  if  agreeable  to 
you,  we  will  draw  on  you  at  sight.  You  have  made  no 


BUSINESS  (3RAMMAR  AND  PUNCTUATION.  28 

change  in  the  advertisement;  neither  have  you  placed  us 
at  the  top  of  the  column. 

2.  A  semicolon  should  precede  an  explanatory  or 
inferential  clause  beginning  with  a  cqnjunction,  when 
added  tn  a  complete  sentence.    Ex.    We  think  Mr.  Smith 
is  acting  very  singularly  in  this  matter;  for  we  are  at  a 
loss  to  understand  why  he  should  discriminate  between 
us.    It  seems  as  if  ten  days  was  enough  to  copy  that 
schedule  of  rates;  so  please  hurry  it,  if  possible. 

NOTE. -The  words  "for,"  "therefore,"  "as,"  "so,1' 
"also."  and  "nevertheless,"  are  the  ones  which  intro- 
duce these  clauhes  most  frequently. 

3.  A  semicolon  should  be  used  between  the  members 
of  a  compound  sentence,  when  each  contains  a  depend- 
ent clause.    Ex.    We  bought  the  pillows  at  the  price  you 
billed  them  flrst;  and,  as  it  wasyonr  mistake,  we  dou't 
see  why  we  should  be  the  losers. 

4.  A  semicolon  should  be  used  after  each  member  of 
a  list  of  articles,  when  prices  or  qualifying  expressions 
are  used.     Ex.     No.  6  Champion  horse-rakes,  $18.00 
each,  f.  o.  b.  Boston;  Improved  North  American  plows, 
k.  d.  at  factory,  thirty-five  per  cent,  from  list;  Thomp- 
son horse-hoes,  k.  d.  at  factory,  fT.OO;  f.  o.  b.  Boston, 
$7  25;  nailed  canal-barrows,  k.  d.  New  York  City,  $2.35. 

5.  When  a  statement  is  followed  by  an  example, 
introduced  by  "as,"  "namely,"  "for  instance,"  "to  wit," 
"viz.,"  ''foi  example,"  or  similar  words  or  phrases,  a 
semicolon  should  precede,  and  a  comma  should  follow 
the  introductory  word  or  phrase.    Ex.    We  can  not  al- 
low you  a  larger  discount  than  we  have  formerly;  viz., 
twenty  per  cent. 

6.  Semicolons   should  be  used  to  separate  short, 
complete  sentences,  where  the  connection  is  close.    Ex. 


BUSINESS  GRAMMAR  AND  PUNCTUTAION. 


He  wrote  me  a  letter;  I  answered  it;  then  he  came  to  me 
in  person. 

7.  Semicolons  should  separate  clauses  having  a 
common  dependence  upon  another  clause,  when  they 
are  not  connected  with  each  other.  Ex.  In  reply  will 
say,  we  can  not  furnish  the  goods  ordered;  we  can  not 
procure  them  for  you;  and  we  do  not  know  where  you 
can  obtain  them. 

THE  COLON.     (:) 

The  colon  is  a  mark  of  punctuation,  the  function  of 
which  is,  to  a  great  extent,  to  show  that  what  follows  it 
is  exactly  explanatory  or  equivalent  to  what  comes  be- 
fore. The  former  use  of  the  colon,  to  separate  subdivid- 
ed members  of  compound  sentences,  would  seem  to  be 
not  only  unnecessary,  but  irrational,  and  we  believe 
there  is  no  merit  in  pieserviug  such  customs.  If  there 
be  a  separation  of  thought  greater  than  can  be  indicat- 
ed with  a  semicolon,  it  would  seem  advisable  to  separate 
into  sentences. 

The  colon  is  used  in  the  following  ways:— 

1.  When   what  follows  is  exactly    explanatory    of 
what  comes  before,  after  words  or  phrases  like  "as  fol- 
lows" or  "the  following."    Ex.    The  list  of  names  was 
as  follows:    The  following  officers  were  elected: 

2.  After  "Dear  sir,"  or  '"Gentlemen,"  or  any  title  of 
respect  used  in  beginning   a  letter;  and,   in   such  cases, 
usually  followed   by  a  dash  (— ),  or  two  hyphens  (--). 
Z</'x.    Dear  sir:—    Gentlemen:-  - 

3.  Between  the  figures  designating  hours  and  min- 
utes.   E\.    8:30  P.  M.    6:40  A.  M. 

4.  *Instead  of  a  period,  after  an  initial  letter,  when 
such  a  letter  is  the  initial  of  the  commonest  Christian 
name    commencing    with    that    letter.     Ei.     W:   Smith 


BUSINESS  GRAMMAR  AND  PUNCTUATION.  25 

(William  Smith).  C:  White  (Charles  White).  E:  Kirby 
(Edward  Kirby). 

5.  After  an  abreviated  name,  when  the  abbrevia- 
tion is  used  as  a  full  name.  Ex.  Ben:  Sam:  Will: 
Fred: 

*The  last  two  rules  are  not  compulsory,  but  are 
approved  by  good  authority,  and  are  in  good  taste. 

THE  HYPHEN   AS  A  COMPOUNUER.     (  -  ) 

The  proper  compounding  of  words  has  been  a  subject 
almost  untaught  in  our  educational  textbooks  and  in- 
stitutions, and  even  our  standard  dictionaries  show  a 
most  remarkable  indifference  and  laxity  concerning  this 
point.  It  is  believed  that  the  rules  here  laid  down  will 
be  of  great  practical  benefit  to  all  writers,  and  especially 
typewriter-operators,  whose  work  shows  so  plainly  the 
lack  of  intelligent  study. 

Words  are  compounded  in  two  ways: 

1.  By  writing  two  words  as  one,  without  a  hyphen. 

2.  By  joining  two  words  with  a  hyphen. 

Nouns  and  Verbs. 

1.  Two  uouns  used  together  to  describe  one  article, 
are  compounded  when  neither  is  descriptive  of  any  par- 
ticular attribute  or  quality  of  the  other. 

When  the  first  word  is  a  word  of  one  syllable,  do  not 
use  the  hyphen;  when  it  contains  more  than  one  syllable, 
use  the  hyphen.  Ex.  Inkbottle,  hatbox,  typewheel, 
typewriter,  bookkeeper;  passenger-elevator,  pencil-case, 
typewriter-operator. 

2.  A  noun    and    a    pronoun,    when    compounded, 
should  be  hyphenized;  as,  He-goat,  she-bear. 


26  BUSINESS  GRAMMAR  AND  PUNCTUATION. 

~    * 

3.  Adjectives  and  nouns  are  not  hyphen! 'ed;  as< 
Shorthand,  longhand. 

4.  Prepositions    and    nouns,    when    compounded, 
should  not  be  hypbeuized;  as,  Today,   tomorrow,  to- 
night, upstairs,  downstairs,  offhand,  uptown. 

Adjectives. 

5.  Adjectives  joined  with  any  part  of  speech  except 
nouns,  are  hyphenized;  as,  red-cheeked,  fair-haired,  blue- 
eyed. 

Verbs. 

6.  Verbs  (including  participles)  compounded  with 
any  words  except  nouns,  are  hyphenized;  as,  fast-run- 
ning, far- seeing,  oasy-going. 

Numerals. 

7.  The  compound   numerals  between    twenty   and 

one  hundred  are  hyphenized;  as,  Twenty-one,  forty  first. 

1 

TYPOGRAPHICAL  POINTS. 

The  typographical  points,  or  those  not  depending  on 
the  grammatical  construction,  or  syntax,  are  the  dash 
( —  );  the  mark  of  exclamation  ( !  );  the  apostrophe  ( ' ); 
the  quotation  marks  (  "  "):  short  and  or  ampersand* 
(  &  );  the  parenthesis  (  );  the  brackets,  or  crotchets  [  ]; 
and  the  hyphen  ( - ),  when  used  for  the  indication  of  the 
division  of  words. 

*The  name  "ampersand,"  often  applied  to  "&,"  is  a 
corruption  of  "and  perse,  and, "which  was  formerly  said 
after  the  other  letters,  in  reciting  the  alphabet. 

THE   HYPHEN   AS   A   DIVIDER.      (  -  ) 

1.  The  hyphen  is  used  at  the  end  of  a  line,  to  indi- 
cate that  a  word  is  divided. 


BUSINESS  GRAMMAR  AND  PUNCTUATION.  27 

When  it  is  necessary  to  divide  a  word,  it  should  be 
divided  strictly  according  to  syllables,  only  syllables  be- 
ing left  at  the  end  of  a  line,  or  carried  to  the  next;  the 
following  examples  giving  some  idea  of  proper  division: 

Ni-c-es  sa-ry  div-i-sion  div-id-ed  strict-ly  ac  cord-ing 
syl-la-ble  be  ing  car  ried  fol-low-mg  ex-am-ples  giv-ing 
prop  er. 

{S^°A  syllable  of  one  letter  should  never  stand  alone. 
In  derivative  words  where  the  original  ends  in  double 
letters,  both  should  remain  together;  as,  Fress-ed,  ex- 
press-ion, re-  cilled:  but,  in  all  other  cases,  they  should 
be  separated;  as,  Bet-ter,  com-mit  ted.  bat-tie,  mis-sile, 
run-uing. 

EXCLAMATION   POINT.      (  !  ) 

1.  The  exclamation  point  is  used  after  exclamation's 
and  interjections,  and  sentences,  words,  and  phrases, 
expressing  strong  emotion.  Ex.  Oh!  I  thought  I 
should  find  you.  Alas,  alas!  I  am  in  a  sad  plight. 

,  2.  The  exclamation  point  is  sometimes  placed  in 
parentheses,  after  a  word,  to  express  sarcasm.  Ex. 
He  is  a  noble  ( ! )  man,  a  kind  ( ! )  master,  and  a  true  ( ! ) 
friend. 

INTERROGATION  POINT.      (?) 

1.  The  interrogation  point  is  used   at  the  end  of 
every  direct  question.    Ex.    Are  you  going?     What  is 
the  matter?    Will  you  send  us  a  check  for  the  amount? 

2.  In  certain  cases,  to  denote  doubt.     Ex.     This 
wonderful  (?)  man.    It  is  a  great  (?)  poem. 

THE   APOSTROPHE.      ( ' ) 

1.  The  apostrophe  is  used  to  denote  the  omission 
of  a  letter  or  syllable.  Ex.  Don't.  E'er.  O'er. 


28  BUSINESS  GRAMMAR  AND  PDNCTUTAION. 

To  indicate  the  omission  of  a  century  in  dates,  where 
it  can  be  readily  understood.  Ex.  Dec.  14,  '87.  The 
Revolution  commenced  in  '75. 

5.  Used  after  all  plural  nouns  ending  in  "s,"  to 
form  the  poss-essive.  Ex.  Boys.'  Dogs.' 

QUOTATION   MARKS.      (  ''  "  ) 

1.  Quotation  marks  are  used  to  enclose  a  direct 
quotation  of  the  exact  words  of  another  writer  or  speak- 
er     When  a  quotation  occurs  inside  of  a  quotation,  the 
single  marks  are  used  ( '  ' ).    Ex.    He  said,  "I  was  pass- 
ing up  the  street,  and  some  one  cried  'Police,'  in  a  loud 
voice." 

2.  Sometimes  used  to  call  special  attention  to  some 
word   or  phrase,  especially  in  the  case  of  names  and 
titles.     Ex.     They  came  over  in  the  "Fortune."      He 
could  not  correctly  pronounce  ';he." 

NOTE.— A  period  or.comma  occurring  directly  after 
the  last  word  of  a  quotation,  is  placed  before  the  quota- 
tion marks. 

SHORT  "AND."    (&) 

The  short  sign  for  "and"  should  be  used  only  in  the 
case  of  firm  names,  signatures,  and  addresses,  where  the 
same  consist  of  more  than  one  name;  and  in  the  case  of 
a  corporation,  or  name  of  a  railroad.  Ex.  Brown  & 
Jones.  J.  B.  Smith  &  Co.  Boston  &  Maine  Railroad. 
Calumet  &  Hecla  Mining  Co. 

THE   PARENTHESES.     (  ) 

The  parentheses  are  used  to  enclose  any  words  which 
do  not  properly  belong  to  the  rest  of  the  sentence,  eithe 
explanatory,  correlative,  or    interdictory     Ex.      I  am 


BUSINESS  GRAMMAR  AND  PUNCTUATION.  29 

afraid  (not  on  my  account,  however,)  that  it  will  cause 
evil  results. 

NOTE.— Punctuation  marks  nre  placed  inside  paren- 
theses and  brackets,  if  they  are  required  for  the  punctua- 
tion of  the  enclosed  matter,  but  after  them  if  they  punc- 
tuate tbe  sentence  as  a  whole. 

THE   BRACKETS.      [    ] 

The  brackets  are  used  in  a  way  similar  to  the  paren- 
theses, but  are  used  only  for  notes,  or  for  editorial  cor- 
rections in  matter  quoted  from  others. 


APPENDIX. 


TITLES: — In  a  title-page,  or  in  a  heading  of  any  arti- 
cle or  chapter,  the  nouns,  pronouns,  adjectives,  verbs, 
and  adverbs,  begin  with  capital  letters. 

RULE   FOR   PARAGRAPHING. 

PARAGRAPHING:  -The  general  rule  for  paragraphing 
is  to  make  a  new  paragraph  for  each  new  subject,  but  a 
short  letter  or  article  should  not  consist  of  more  than 
one  paragraph,  unless  the  sense  and  connection  change 
very  much.  In  long  articles,  a  few  paragraphs,  where 
there  is  much  separation  of  thought,  improve  the  ap- 
pearance of  the  typewritten  page. 

GENERAL  BINTS: — Do  not  end  a  sentence  with  a 
preposition;  do  not  separate  the  two  parts  of  a  verb;  do 
not  use  an  adverb,  when  the  verb  expresses  the  same 
idea;  do  not  begin  a  sentence  with  a  conjunction;  do  not 
use  an  adjective  to  qualify  a  verb;  do  not  use  a  long 
word  when  a  short  one  will  serve  the  purpose;  do  not 
use  a  foreign  word,  when  there  is  an  English  word  of  the 
same  meaning. 

HULKS  FOR  THE   USE  OF  CAPITAL  LETTERS. 

RULE  I.  Every  sentence  should  begin  with  a  capital 
letter. 

RULE  II. — Proper  nouns;  as,  names  of  persons,  places 
months,  days  of  week,  etc.,  should  begin  with  capital 
letters. 


APPENDIX 


"  Ex.    John,  Sunday,  July,  New  York,  Mr.  James  A. 
Jones. 

The  names  of  seasons:  spring,  summer,  autumn, 
winter,  do  not  begin  with  capital  letters  except  when 
they  are  personified. 

RULE  III. — Every  line  of  poetry  should  begin  with  a 
capital  letter. 

RULE  IV. — Every  direct  quotation  should  begin  with 

a  capital  letter. 

Ex.    He  asked,  "Who  will  go  with  me?" 

A  direct  quotation  is  one  in  which   the  exact  words 

are  quoted. 

RULE  V. — Titles  of  honor  or  distinction,  used  alone 
or  accompanied  by  nouns,  should  begin  with  capital  let- 
ters. 

Ex.    Mr.  Smith;  Dr.  Jones;  Hon.  Henry  Wilson. 

RULE  VI. — All  words  denoting  the  Deity  should  be- 
gin with  capital  letters. 

Ex.  God,  Lord:  Creator;  the  Almighty;  the  Allwise; 
Infinite  One;  Supreme  Being;  Most  High. 

Personal  pronouns,  or  common  words  referring  to 
the  Deity,  are  usually  capitalized,  as:  "The  unseen  Power 
above";  "the  Judge  of  the  world." 

RULE  VII.— Words  derived  from  proper  nouns  should 
begin  with  capital  letters. 

Ex.  American;  Roman;  Scotchman;  Spanish;  Eng 
lish. 

RULE  VIII.— Names  of  things  spoken  of  as  persons 
should  begin  with  capital  letters. 

Ex.    "The  Morn,  in  russet  mantle  clad — " 
"When  Music,  heavenly  maid,  was  young— 


32  APPENDIX. 

RULE  IX. — Words  of  special  importance,  words  used 
as  uames  of  particular  objects  or  localities,  and  tlie  im- 
portant words  in  a  heading,  should  begin  with  capital 
letters. 

Ex.  Niagara  Falls;  the  Tariff  Bill;  the  White  House; 
the  Western  States. 

North,  south,  east,  and  west,  are  capitalized  only 
when  referring  to  some  particular  locality:  as,  "The 
North  and  the  South  are  one." 

When  there  is  a  question  as  to  which  should  be  used, 
a  capital  or  small  letter,  use  a  small  letter. 


FIFTY  LESSONS 


-IN- 


BUSINESS  SPELLING 


PREFACE. 

The  following  words  are  those  in  most  constant  use, 
selected  not  because  they  are  difficult,  but  because  they 
belong  to  the  ordinary  vocabulary  and  are  those  which 
are  most  frequently  misspelled. 

Correct  spelling  is  a  very  important  matter  especial- 
ly in  business,  and  should  nor  be  neglected  by  those  who 
expect  to  attain  any  degree  of  proficiency,  as  a  stenog- 
rapher, bookkeeper  or  m  any  commercial  position. 
There  is  no  excuse  for  any  one  remaining  deficient  in  this 
branch  long.  If  these  fifty  lessons  are  taken  up  with  a 
proper  degree  of  earnestness,  they  can  be  mastered  in  a 
short  time  and  they  cover  a  very  large  business  vocabu- 
lary. Of  course,  there  will  bean  occasional  word  come 
up  that  is  not  found  in  these  lessons,  but  if  these  lessons 
are  mastered  as  they  should  be,  the  strange  words  that 
will  come  up  will  be  very  unfrequent.  The  instructor  is 
left  to  use  whatever  methods  he  may  prefer. 


FIFTY   LESSONS  IN  SPELLING 


LESSON  I. 

Al  phabet 

Dimin  utive 

Ve  hide 

.Shep  herd 

Ze  nith 

Ax  iom 

Op  ulent 

Ac  cident 

Leg  ible 

Jo  vial 

Sur  geon 

Or  dinance 

Excel 

Swin  die 

Cred  i  table 

Knowl  edge 

Appar  ent 

Inau  dible 

Exhib  it 

Peren  nial 

Hav  oc 

Al  manac 

Disagree  able 

Def  iuition 

Pursue 

Repast 

Vil  Han 

Attor  ney 

Essen  tial 

Laths 

Yacht 

Mai  ady 

Lathe 

Machine 

Geog  raphy 

Adver  sity 

Eva  si  on 

Syc  am  ore 

Scythe 

Pa  gan 

Ham  mock 

Reign 

Sen  sible 

Umbrel  la 

Rein 

Contsn  tion 

Night  ingale 

Deaf 

LESSON  II. 

Accom  modate 

Precise 

Tomor  row 

Imper  ative 

Unnec  essary 

Receive 

Amel  iorate 

Cat  alogue 

Viet  uals 

Conge  nial 

Volunteer 

Sure 

llleg  ible 

Nic  otine 

Salu  brious 

Ship  ped 

Occur  rence 

Brigadier 

Bouquet 

Acclama  tiou 

Prej  udice 

Etiquette 

Por  ridge 

Bleach 

Recommend 

Rec  ipe 

Matu  rity 

Compar  ison 

Ca  ret 

Inflex  ible 

Parch  ment 

Hop  ing 

Rev  enue 

Chim  ney 

Sem  inary 

Rheu  matism 

Miscella  neous 

Eudeav  or 

Daugh  ter-in-law 

Ad  mirable 

Cohe  sive 

Muse  um 

Whol  ly 

Per  petrate 

Shov  el 

Cat  aract 

Ker  nel 

Indict 

FIFTY  LESSONS  IS  SPELLING. 


LESSON  III. 

Grate  ful 

Leech 

Zeph  yr 

Disci  pie 

Meri  no 

Dilem  ma 

Spec  imen 

Ruff  iau 

Syn  dicate 

Tobac  co 

Loz  enge 

Brief 

Tur  bine 

Clem  ency 

Chap  el 

Proj  ect 

Satch  el 

So  lo 

Mis  sile 

Misdemean  or 

Exhil  arate 

Horn  icide 

Trill  ion 

Spig  ot 

Sentimen  tal 

Ad  age 

Des  tiny 

lias  cal 

Retrieve 

Per  sonal 

Divine 

Em  phasis 

Clas  sicnl 

Syl  lable 

Right  eous 

Vac  uum 

Ragamuf  fin 

Czar 

Avalanche 

Dil  igent 

Es  say 

Prev  alence 

Pla  giarism 

Appara  tus 

Bus  tie 

War  rior 

Vac  cinate 

Hei  nous 

LESSON  IV. 

Fas  cinate 

Wheth  er 

Tac  tics 

Choc  olate 

Disappear 

Ac  me 

Rec  ompense 

Sleigh 

Waltz 

Cen  BUS 

Chore 

Tris  yllable 

Rep  u  table 

Mar  iner 

Aghast 

Grand  eur 

Coun  terfeit 

Strych  nine 

Tri  fle 

Sin  ew 

Tier 

0  piate 

Cen  sure 

Ju  venile 

Ren  dezvous 

Sure  ty 

Ce  dar 

Buoy  ant 

Au  ditor 

Fah  renheit 

Maj  esty 

0  asis 

Ar  seual 

Itin  erant 

Exem  plary 

0  pium 

Hurrah 

Pell  mell 

Avoid 

Exceed 

Encour  age 

Stento  rian 

Mete 

Qual  ify 

Her  ring 

Exag  gerate 

Weth  er 

Siege 

FIFTY   LESSONS  I.V  SPELLING 


LESSON  V. 

Inflamma  tion 
Prom  issory 
Sarsaparil  la 
Chalk 

Divid  ing 
Shut  tie 
Ci  pher 
Re-enforce  ment 

Illu  sion 
Ref  erence 
Reprimand 
En  mity 

Ser  vant 
Deci  pher 
O  ral 

Begile 
Res  pite 
Discus  sion 

Car  rot 
Gazetteer 
Dissen  si  on 

Bronchi  tis 

Sua  sion 

Ammuni  tion 

Spec  ul  a  to 
Der  rick 
Span  iel 
Ab  scesis 

Alle  viate 
Magazine 
Come  ly 
Pen  cil 

Por  tico 
Pecul  iar 
Repel 
Lu  bricate 

Noi  sy 

Brooch 

Dex  terous 

Seal  lop 
Rosette 

Zool  ogy 
Tui  tion 

Ep  itaph 
Abol  ish 

Adroit 

Crite  rion 

Offen  sive 

LESSON  VI. 

Seize 

Attach  ment 

Thral  dom 

Vin  egar 
Haunt 

Decease 
Disease 

Car  nal 
O'er 

Rai  merit 
Bel  fry 
Squeeze 
Chat  tPl 

Solemn 
Dif  ference 
Yon  der 
Ex  cellence 

Hum  ming-bird 
Neigh  bor 
Cord  ial 
Climb 

Min  imum 
Excite 
Immor  tal 
Ten  ement 

Rouge 
Allop  athy 
Prompt 
Bri  die 

Al  ways 
Survey 
Cin  der 
Jnconceiv  able 

Con  scious 
Precede 

Imag  inary 
Dec  orate 

Unveil 
Feat  ure 

Leg  acy 
Gourd 
Priv  ilege 

Feign 
Interlinea  tion 
Cy  clone 

Mer  cantile 
Cornuco  pia 
Hoax 

FIFTY  LESSONS  IX  SPELLING. 


LESSON  VII 

Cap  ital 

Am  putate 

Cem  ent 

Cap  itol 

Memoran  dum 

Mar  shal 

Nee  essary 

[nsep  arable 

Mar  tial 

Oc  ular 

Protege 

Uintin  guish 

Don  key 

Extinct 

Mir  ror 

Blud  geon 

As-ent 

I'hal  lenge 

Tacit 

Ascent 

Mut  ual 

Spe  cie 

Pop  lar 

Ackuowl  edgmeut 

Intes  tate 

Glu  coi-e 

In  timate 

Fo  liage 

Ban  quet 

For  tify 

Assign  ment 

Discoun  tenauce 

And  iron 

Concede 

Antique 

Recede 

Rhyme 

Incen  tive 

Per  secute 

Rhythm 

Terres  tial 

Appall 

Bonn  teous 

Adhe  sion 

Isth  mus 

Submerge 

Prognos  ticate 

Disbelief 

LESSON  VIII. 

Transfer  red 

Suspense 

Clam  or 

Can  dor 

Cru  et 

Obelisk 

Hick  ory 

Spec  tacle 

Avid  ity 

Excep  tion 

Ver  bal 

Mean  der 

Gauge 

Elu  cidate 

Infor  mal 

Las  so 

Bil  lion 

Expel 

Crim  son 

Lapel 

Func  tion 

To  tal 

Ille  gal 

Mor  tise 

Indeci  sion 

Al  titude 

Depos  it 

Pivot 

O'clock 

Car  buncle 

Cuck  oo 

Can  vas 

San  guine 

Trel  lis 

Can  vass 

Bowl 

Doc  ument 

Partic  ipate 

Wors  ted 

Lan  guid 

Rec  ognize 

Incred  ible 

Disguise 

Lu  crative 

Sar  casm 

Is  olate 

Phonog  raphy 

Al  der 

FIFTY  LESSONS  IX  SPELLING. 


LESSON  IX. 

Hoe  ing 

Bar  rack 

Cho  ral 

Lyuch 

Part  ner 

Sac  rilege 

Dai  ry 

Solv  ency 

Eel 

Di  ary 

Apos  trophe 

Impel 

Kangaroo 

Per  meate 

Divis  ible 

Cathe  dral 

Intellect  ual 

Ravine 

Advertise 

Geneal  ogy 

Cor  oner 

Kitch  en 

Ver  tical 

Macad  amize 

Facil  ity 

Cleat 

Encore 

Ver  diet 

Min  ion 

Togeth  er 

Impet  uous 

Contu  sion 

Gestic  ulate 

1  vory 

For  midable 

Impan  el 

Superfi  cial 

Tep  id 

Rise 

On  linary 

Reluc  tanco 

Longev  ity 

Champagne 

Arrears 

An  ecdote 

Syn  thesis 

Mu  cilage 

Sed  entary 

LESSON  X. 

Unpar  alleled 

Imper  tinent 

Abil  ity 

Unprej  udiced 

Affil  iate 

Shoe  ing 

Max  imum 

Pal  atable 

Inac  curate 

Acad  emy 

Alread  y 

Hymene  al 

Vit  riol 

Launch 

Fam  ine 

Dig  it 

Par  lane 

Bui  wark 

Simplic  ity 

Aq  ueduct 

Mis  creant 

Ignite 

Brogue 

Gran  ite 

Prepos  terous 

Stu  dious 

Engineer 

Default  er 

Mor  sel 

Uudaunt  ed 

Brev  ity 

Tur  nip 

Hydraul  ics 

Gal  lautry 

Rn-ech  o 

Corpse 

Clause 

Vein 

Gal  lery 

Des  ert 

Cor  al 

Co-op  erate 

Dessert 

Su  mach 

Replen  ish 

Desert 

Redu  plicate 

Hem  isphere 

FIFTY  LESSONS  IN  SPELLING. 


LESSON  XI. 

Supersede 

Bois  terous 

Efface 

Fee  ble 

Negotiate 

Cav  em 

Couta  giou 

Opti  cian 

Dis  tance 

Impos  tor 

Tel  egraph 

Pref  erence 

Form  al 

Sane  turn 

Con  sonant 

At  titude 

Protract 

Enough 

Insane 

Belle 

For  ceps 

Ar  chives 

Aler  riment 

Eighth 

Dismiss 

Illicit 

Conceal 

In  terval 

Hymn 

Fres  co 

Contin  gent 

Au  ger 

Deni  al 

Appari  tion 

Exec  utor 

A  theism 

Indif  ferent 

Suspi  cion 

Settee 

Skel  etou 

In  tricate 

Fau  cet 

Res  idence 

Bom  bast 

Bis  cuit 

Transgress 

Gen  erous 

Influen  tial 

. 

LESSON  XII. 

Gel  lar 

Fos  sil 

Thief 

Misspell 

E  quinox 

Bade 

Weird 

Clum  sy 

Vet  erinary 

Or  ange 

Epis  tie 

Respect  fully 

Simulta  neous 

Beqeath 

Prepossess 

Lis  ten 

Syr  inge 

Arsenic 

Plaid 

Paid 

Eathusiasm 

Sciat  ica 

Vag  abond 

Quo  tieut 

Prov  ender 

Par  eel 

Mai  ice 

Provideu  tial 

Or  phan 

Remit  taiice 

Blur 

Adjourn 

Ster  eotype 

Flier 

Gaunt 

Equiv  ocal 

Gazette 

Lad  ing 

Soph  omore 

Fern  inine 

Hon  or 

Assid  uous 

Ine  briate 

Exhaust 

Disco  ur  teous 

Descend 

Cavalry 

Reck  on 

FIFTY  LESSONS  IX  SPELLING. 


LESSON  XIII. 

Soci  ety 

Barom  eter 

Pit  iful 

Fiend 

Sol  itude 

Sec  retary 

t  or  poral 

Admoni  tion 

Ambi  tion 

Yen  til  ate 

Jurisdic  tion 

Cas  tigate 

Face  tious 

DisburHe 

Li  oense 

Trai  tor 

Pedal 

Ore 

Defi  auce 

Fero  cious 

Elys  ium 

Quin  py 

Cart  age 

Bev  erage 

Infinites  imal 

Mar  riage 

League 

Ou  el 

Excheq  uer 

Ex  cavate 

Ernbez  zle 

Asso  ciate 

Ter  race 

Gar  risou 

Triv  ial 

Char  latan 

Interrupt 

Cam  eo 

Li  brary 

Prepon  derous 

Hos  pital 

Cur  renoy 

Cas  simere 

Financier 

Harangue 

Pit  tauce 

Beach 

Op  tion 

LESSON  XIV. 

Combus  tible 

Flim  sy 

Berth 

Physiol  ogy 

Cul  tivator 

Birth 

Af  fable 

Sap  phire 

Saga  cious 

Mon  arch 

Cre  dence 

Commence  ment 

Dipb  thong 

In  stigate 

Flex  ible 

Os  dilate 

Ves  tibule 

Anniver  sary 

Else  where 

Bureau 

Ep  ilepsy 

A  pex 

Hack  neyed 

Cau  tious 

Wind  lass 

flha  os 

Fab  ulous 

•Squeak 

Guar  dian 

Dea  con 

Im  plement 

Eulogy 

Quad  rant 

Beam 

Serenade 

Pre  mium 

Obei  sance 

Coali  tiou 

Mi  croscope 

Es  sence 

Mov  ables 

Penin  sula 

Scut  tie 

Indiscreet 

Bux  om 

Affair 

Lin  eament 

An  thracite 

FIFTY  LESSONS  IN  SPELLING. 


LESSON  XV. 

EC  stasy 

Two 

Sacrile  gious 

Forbear  a  nee 

Persever  anee 

Pique 

Transmis  sion 

Ar  duous 

Except 

Insol  vent 

Cyn  ic 

Accept 

Inexcii  sable 

Bury 

Shoul  der 

Diver  sion 

Eas  el 

Peti  tion 

Final 

Unconcern 

Bull  ion 

Eth  ics 

Cana  ry 

Anni  hilate 

Chlo  roform 

Disparage 

Neu  tral 

Fierce 

Es  tiraate 

Niece 

Bowl  der 

Privateer 

Adjoin 

Inev  itable 

Res  olute 

Or  ator 

Fil  ial 

Cy  press 

Har  tiiony 

Cav  ity 

Administra  tor 

Affida  vit 

To 

Exas  pei  ate 

Ten  ant 

Too 

Delir  ium 

Toi  let 

LESSON  XVI 

• 

Fra  grant 

Em  bryo 

Assure 

Corps 

Geom  etry 

Colos  sal 

Sieve 

Cul  prit 

Oppo  nent 

Econ  omize 

Trough 

Sab  bath 

Car  tridge 

Flue 

Corn  ical 

Outra  geous 

El  igible 

Indebt  ed 

Accrued 

Hornceop  athy 

His  tory 

Cera  etery 

Bot  any 

Myr  tie 

Intercede 

Parquet 

Ab  stiuence 

Dimen  sion 

Aver  sion 

Ex  ercif»e 

Ap  petite 

Vague 

Illus  trate 

Int'e  rior 

Immor  al 

Stag  naut 

Tom  ahawk 

Tar  latan 

In  terest 

Ow  ing 

Sphere 

Ging  ham 

In  nocent 

Cro  ny 

Ficti  tious 

Squeal 

Discreet 

Cru  cify 

FIFTY  LESSONS  IN  SPELLING. 


LESSON  XVII. 

Vieiu  ity 

Enun  ciate 

Confiden  tial 

Weap  on 

Address 

Guarantee 

Syrn  bol 

loan  imate 

Guar  anty 

Twelfth 

Preem  inent 

Bank  rupt 

Lu  cid 

Dispel 

Reveal 

Cam  brie 

Indom  itable 

Big  amy 

Tomb 

Amal  gamate 

Yield 

Auth^n  tic 

Remon  strate 

Ascertain 

Ines  tirnable 

Hand  kerchief 

Plan  et 

Par  agraph 

Gsn  ius 

Chap  lain 

Car  rion 

Cal  umny 

Per  fidy 

Evap  orate 

O  veralls 

Propi  tious 

Rec  oncile 

Mor  phine 

Inexhaust  ible 

Jui  cy 

Consol  id  ate 

Effect 

Pal  pable 

Barouche 

Affect 

Reservoir 

Defunct 

Par  adise 

LESSON  XVIII. 

Prai  rie 

Occa  sion 

Trea  son 

Lunch  eou 

Bris  tie 

Condemn 

Pha  eton 

Auspi  eious 

Fraud  ulent 

Brocade 

Col  or 

Medic  inal 

Excommu  nicate 

Dul  cimer 

Accuse 

Du  rable 

Inher  it 

Sub  urb 

lutroduc  tory 

Sewer 

Com  nient 

Gira  let 

Twitch 

Bol  ster 

Rar  efy 

Exposi  tion 

Pal  ate 

Inju  rious 

Rep  til« 

Du  plicate 

Cymbal 

Ambas  sador 

Sapra  no 

Percus  siou 

Libel 

Bal  cony 

Ech  o 

Gos  sip 

Par  tridge 

Sane  tify 

Loi  ter 

Corrode 

Felic  ity 

Accu  mulate 

Extraor  dinary 

Du  teous 

Mieenter  pret 

Unde  viatingj 

FIFTY  LESSONS  IX  SPELLING. 


LESSON  XIX. 

Des  picable 

Askew 

Infu  riate 

Or  in'ce 

I  vy 

Exckima  tiou 

Consist  ent 

Ser  viceable 

Mili  tia 

Seam 

Intersperse 

Avoirdupois 

Aspar  agus 

Li  lac 

Uten  sil 

Hes  itate 

Congrat  ulate 

Ably 

Cham  pion 

Lief 

Profl  ciency 

Serge 

Distrib  ute 

Discommode 

Home  stead 

Grat  ify 

Incor  porate 

Kiln-dry 

At  mosphere 

Rough 

Dissent 

Chagrin 

Dev  a  state 

Opin  ion 

Ream 

Subscrip  tiou 

luiq  uitous 

Iguomin  ious 

Ap  erture 

Franc- 

Flan  nel 

Dissem  ble 

Can  cer 

Rat  ify 

Infer  nal 

Dodge 

Chan  uel 

Chronom  eter 

LESSON  XX. 

Sep  a  rate 

Christian  ity 

Twee  zers 

Ini  tiatory 

Nee  die 

Superb 

Perceive 

A  crfc 

Plumb  er 

Prospec  tus 

Sumpt  uous 

Pota  to 

In  ventory 

Panace  a 

Conges  tiou 

Change  able 

Explic  it 

Moment  ous 

Enor  mous 

Doc  ile 

Med  al 

Panora  ma 

Bev  el 

Med  die 

Conject  ure 

Num  skull 

Constella  tion 

Fac  ile 

Le  gend 

Bombazine 

As  terisk 

Mou  eys 

Fluid 

Cres  cent 

Rebate 

Genteel 

Har  ass 

lllit  erate 

Compar  ative 

Break  fast 

Bass 

Kleptoma  nia 

Dec  imal 

Sat  iu 

Hu  morous 

Anat  omy 

Or  thodox 

Eques  trian 

FIFTY   LKSSONS  IN   SPELLING 


LESSON  XXI. 

Neural  pia 

Plane 

Compul  siou 

Lat  tice 

Mil  liner 

Dan  druff 

Sul  phur 

Picturesque 

Rind 

Ac  id 

Idol  atry 

Tor  por 

Crouch 

Benight  ed 

Appear  ance 

Pal  Hate 

Salve 

Cash  mere 

Clas  sify 

Enu  merate 

Lar  ceny 

Mon  ogram 

O  uyx 

Pi  rate 

Ter  minate 

Spi  ral 

Irreg  ular 

Frac  tious 

Magnanim  ity 

Decap  itate 

Bu  ta-ba  ga 

Car  cass 

Can  eel 

Prelim  inary 

Lab  yriiith 

Emau  cipate 

Tes  tament 

Ado 

Viva  cious 

Giant 

Stim  ulus 

Intel  ligible 

Fluct  uate 

Contain  inate 

Extin  guish 

Amauuen  sis 

Hor  ror 

Access 

LESSON  XXII. 

Au  tumn 

Coup  le 

Tour 

Pul  pit 

Dense 

Va  riable 

Croup 

Tech  nical 

Hypoc  risy 

Sol  dier 

Com  promise 

Vane 

Compli  ance 

Breech  ing 

Pal  lid 

Invei  gle 

Prod  igal 

Le  nient 

Let  tuce 

Am  ethyst 

Calain  ity 

Rec  reate 

Fer  rule 

Moroc  co 

Moun  tain 

Fer  ule 

Underrate 

Graph  ic 

Abridg  ment 

Cleave 

Devoid 

Cup  board 

Begin  ner 

Paregor  ic 

Peev  ish 

Accede 

Sane  tion 

Suscep  tible 

Dissim  ilar 

Melo  deon 

Men  tal 

Presumpt  uous 

Palsy 

Guilt 

Mi  nor 

Manufact  ure 

Abscond 

Al  ien 

FIFTY  LESSONS  IN   SPELLING 


LESSON  XXIII. 

Ag  ile 

Fet  lock 

Decep  tion 

Port  able 

Rem  edy 

Conviv  ial 

Re  gion 

Confis  cate 

Quar  rel 

Tran  sient 

Magiste  rial 

Ra  zor 

Val  iant 

Instill 

Hub  bub 

Insip  id 

Wit  ricisni 

Ap  oplexy 

Antarc  tic 

Sen  ior 

Gam  bol 

Prob  able 

Oval 

Ba  sin 

Enhance 

Di  vorce 

Stag  ger 

Adept 

Quit  claim 

Chron  icle 

Coarse  ness 

Com  pliment 

Direc  tory 

Fir  kin 

Merci  ful 

Det  riment 

Presiden  tial 

Commem  orate 

Device 

Eu  terprise 

Nom  iuate 

Devise 

Polyg  amy 

Etymol  ogy 

Rectan  gular 

A  gency 

Unfeigned 

Deign 

LESSON  XXIV. 

Naph  tha 

Par  ticiple 

Adjust 

Vent  ure 

Blonde 

Attend  ance 

Hoist 

Orig  inate 

Respon  sible 

Ob  solete 

Croc  odile 

Amateur 

Anal  ysis 

Referred 

Fastid  ious 

Plague 

Aocus  torn 

Ed  ucate 

Cashier 

Tru  ant 

Unintel  ligible 

Op  posite 

Indefat  igable 

Gigan  tic 

Gouge 

Placid 

Achieve 

Debris 

Crum  pie 

Non  sense 

Abuu  dance 

Irrepress  ible 

Ei  ther 

Pig  eou 

Hurnil  iate 

Sel  dom 

Rav  <•! 

Receipt 

Daily 

Catarrh 

Battal  ion 

Nov  ice 

Sluice 

Fal  chiou 

An  tidote 

Fort  unate 

Fur  lough 

Sched  ule 

FIFTY  LESSONS  IN  SPELLING. 


15 


LESSON  XXV. 

Acquaint  ance 

Plan  ned 

Sys  tematize 

Uncon  scious 

Hon  eysuckle 

Barba  riaii 

Acous  tic 

Concoct  ing 

Oys  ter 

Tradi  tiou 

Telephone 

Can  non 

Grimace 

Persist  ence 

Can  on 

Mus  cular 

Bay  onet 

Skein 

Dissuade 

Teeto  taler 

Guin  ea 

Unprin  cipled 

Intercept 

Yolk 

Bien  nial 

Sur  name 

Affright 

Immac  ulate 

Veg  etable 

Maguif  icent 

Pit  iable 

Plan  sible 

Concen  trate 

Grieve 

Artin'  cial 

Prim  itive 

Irra  tional 

Omnip  otence 

Duel 

Erase 

Excru  cia  te 

Brit  tie 

Tiny 

Ner  vous 

Mathemat  ics 

Comrau  ni'-ate 

Impor  tant 

Advice 

LESSON  XXVI. 

Ini  tial 

Canoe 

Complex  ion 

Opportu  nity 

Adieu 

Af  fluence 

Boom  erang 

This  tie 

Hag  gard 

Car  penter 

Lad  dei- 

Felony 

Heretofore 

There 

Metrop  olis 

Bana  na 

Relic 

Car  ol 

Gait  er 

Gas  ualty 

Inca  pable 

Eter  nal 

Bush  el 

Toma  to 

Or  chard 

I'u  neral 

Biog  raphy 

Cease 

Ev  idence 

Ven  erate 

Thee 

Encom  pass 

Asy  him 

Benev  olence 

Kid  nap 

Towel 

Com  missary 

Expres  sive 

Assault 

Alter 

Fur  ther 

Circu  itous 

Hye  na 

Brawn  y 

Mes  merize 

Burg  lary 

Fer  vor 

Impar  tial 

HFTY  LESSONS  IN  SPELLING. 


LESSON  XXVII. 

Busy 

Irrev  erent 

Cra  nium 

Appar  el 

Statis  tics 

Polar 

Coch  ineal 

Lyux 

Stal  wart 

Awry 

Tongue 

Hy  drant 

Commens  nrate 

Recu  perate 

Dishon  or 

Dissyl  lable 

Viv  id 

Indul  gent 

Experi  ment 

Or  deal 

Al  ligator 

Dirge 

Hal  lot 

Emer  gency 

Pos  itive 

Jus  tice 

Fete 

Pol  ysyllable 

Cesea  tiou 

Accom  modate 

Cat  erpillar 

Humane 

(ios  samer 

Appro  priate 

Fer  tile 

Esquire 

Sum  mary 

Sponge 

Bough 

Rol  lickiun 

Wi  ly 

Intrep  id 

All  .spice 

Vanil  la 

Clean  ly 

Lease 

Bui  letiu 

Fi  nite 

LESSON  XXVIII 

Seis  sors 

Mil  itary 

Consequen  tial 

Par  allel 

Unright  eons 

Ellipse 

Agree  a  ble 

Alac  rity 

Ten  a  cions 

Impru  dent 

Fur  niture 

Cri  sis 

Ses  sion 

Ghost 

Geol  ogy 

Exteu  sive 

Vital 

Dem  agogue 

Pi  ety 

Tro  phy 

Proc  ess 

Uner  ring 

Mis  tletoe 

Ay 

Pur  port 

Vindic  tive 

Ayo 

Vi  cious 

Bruise 

In  ference 

Ra  tio 

Aw  J'ul 

Coadjn  tor 

Promenade 

Trag  edy 

Sau  sage 

Unan  imous 

Announce 

Advanta  geous 

Sus  tenance 

Fir  mament 

Contradict 

Pre  mier 

Recourse 

Fu  migate  . 

Srhol  ar 

Expo  sure 

Am  icable 

FIFTY  LESSONS  IX  SPELLING. 


17 


LESSON  XXIX. 

Lily 
Leis  ure 

Lab  oratory 
An  odyne 

Riff  raff 
Pan  el 

Pam  phlet 
En  vious 
Alas 

Parade 
Frag  ile 
Penu  rious 

Jan  itor 
Bai  ance 
Solic  itor 

Scent 
Shack  IPS 

Ad  rial 
Verba  tim 

Ghast  ly 
Aro  ma 

Accord  iugly 
Pen  etrate 
Recess 

Ur  chin 
.     Approv  al 
Pref  ace 

Rav  enous 
Black  guard 
Heif  er 

Possess 

Bndu  ranee 

Mack  erel 

Couu  teuancb 

I'ueuino  uia 

Cadav  erous 

Demean  or 
Guess 

flered  itary 
Ir  on 

Achere 
Fie  kle 

Disrespect  iul 
Dol  lar 

Fools  cap 
Control 

Rad  ical 
Ax  le-tree 

LESSON  XXX. 

Sig  nature 
Antic  ipate 
lo  ta 

Metal 
Flea 
Insuffi  cieut 

Biv  ouac 
Tro  che 
Asth  ma 

Def  inite 

Cous  in 

Dissolve 

Trei:h  ery 
Cologne 
Sand  wich 

Physi  cian 
Dye  injz 
Juuct  ure 

Oc  cupy 
Guile  less 
Ir  ritable 

Cor  pulent 
Sym  pathy 
Defen  sive 

Capri  cioua 
Profes  sor 
Glos  sary 

Hal  ibut 
Melo  dious 
Cur  tain 

Rig  ging 
Caus  tic 
Util  ity 
Ab  sence 

Val  entire 
Car  icature 
Fu  gitive 
Pal  ette          » 

Superscribe 
Ad  versa  ry 
Cir  cuit 
Sten  cil 

Occur  rence 

An  imated 

Car  at 

Atro  cious 

Though 

Main  moth 

FIFTY  LESSONS  IX  SPELLING. 


LESSON  XXXI. 

Lu  dicrous 

Cough 

Molas  ses 

A  miable 

Deter  miue 

Court-mar  tial 

Mon  osyllable 

Quar  ry 

Gra  vy 

Al  cohol 

From  ise 

Veloc  ity 

Flan  tain 

Impa  tient 

Demor  alize 

Dem  onstrate 

Reli  ance 

Ju  bilee 

Ide  a 

Obey 

Cir  cus 

A  lias 

Eclipse 

Salera  tus 

Recollect 

luces  sant 

El  ephant 

Famil  iar 

Tel  egram 

Ten  si  on 

Drawee 

Ingrat  itude 

Depot 

Presump  tion 

Chint/ 

Quarantine 

Appren  tice 

Meer  scbaum 

Perspire 

Char  ity 

Cal  omel 

Bag  gage 

Lon  gitude 

Recruit 

Spu  rious 

Stampede 

Forbid  ding 

Cartoon 

LESSON  XXXII. 

Neces  sity 

Del  egate 

Crochet 

Bus  in  ess 

Transcend 

Submis  sion 

Whis  tie 

Admis  sible 

Cab  bage 

Bea  con 

Pathet  ic 

Jaun  dice 

Gos  pel 

Nego  tiable 

Elastic  ity 

Sen  tence 

Chow  der 

Fes  tilence 

Naught  y 

Benefi  cial 

There  fore 

Sub  jugate 

Trop  ical 

Browse 

Clink  er 

Despair 

Pin  nacle 

Subor  dinate 

Lu  natic 

Charge  able 

Compel 

Iiiel  egant 

Odor 

Irretriev  able 

Petro  leum 

Fag  ot 

Fu  el 

Chandelier 

Prestige 

Rogue 

Knap  sack 

Feud 

Man  uscript 

Tal  ent 

Tete  a  tete 

Bait 

lusin  uate 

Char  ter 

FIKTY   LESSONS  IN  SPELLING. 


LESSON  XXXIII. 

Ridic  ulous 

Bar  gaiu 

ISeine 

A  gue 

Dotn  ino 

LHU  rel 

Neg  ative 

Colli  sion 

Dy  n  a  mite 

Crease 

Veil 

Unchaugs  able 

Plea 

Irreproach  able 

Loathe 

Hieroglyph  ic 

Irrpsist  ible 

Ingen  uous 

Indestruct  ible 

Exteri  uate 

Eq  uipage 

Arrive 

Sal  ad 

Pom  ace 

1'lu  ral 

Pros  eeute 

Fuch  sia 

Cas  tor-oil 

Per  secute 

Sub  stitute 

Preci  t-iou 

Char  acter 

Draught 

Consum  mate 

Pul  .sate 

Tol  erate 

Recite 

Def  icit 

Conuu  drum 

Em  igrate 

Parti  tion 

Jaunt 

Im  migrate 

Bach  elor 

Chem  ical 

Mil  tilate 

Beef  steak 

Intag!  io 

LES-SOX  XXX  IV. 

Di  amond 

Pen  sion 

An  archy 

Bor  ough 

Anon  yinoua 

Con  crete 

Pa  tient 

Equa  tor 

Inconsis  tent 

lucu  rable 

Nus  tril 

Commis  sion 

EQ  ergy 

Antip  athy 

Suf  frage 

Convny  auce 

Prec  edent 

Va  ry 

Lyre 

Co  pious 

Icy 

lu  finite 

Gos  ling 

Abyss 

Neg  ligeut 

Pal  pitate 

Nonpareil 

Allay 

Bil  iou.s 

Coun  cil 

Univer  sity 

Demur 

Coun  sel 

E^pou  sal 

Tariff 

Sin  gular 

Diagno  sis 

Tan  gible 

Euig  ma 

Pen  a  nee 

Reimburse 

Percent  age 

Appease 

Anal  ogy 

Cur  rent 

As  sets 

Transpar  ent 

Cur  rant 

FIFTY  LESSONS  IN*  SPELLING. 


LESSON  XXXV. 

Pres  ents 

Obe  dient 

Seize 

Pres  ence 

Mis  erable 

Cel  ebrate 

Ly  ing 

Relig  ion 

Muf  fle 

Mara  ma 

Good-by 

Doz  en 

Mis  chief 

Cis  tern 

Sew 

Mis  chievous 

Tern  poral 

Cheat 

Synon  ymous 

Imme  diately 

Nei  th^r 

LUXH  riant 

Respect  fully 

Caboose 

Pronuncia  tion 

Respect  ively 

Immense 

Cour  teous 

Respect  ably 

Stile 

Drug  gist 

Den"  cient 

Style 

In  vet  erate 

Tab  f^rnacle 

Satisfac  torily 

Pas  senger 

Pur  chase 

Ve  hemence 

Benzinp 

Grotesque 

Peru  sal 

Di  alogue 

Pre  cious 

Theoret  ical 

Helve 

ludef  inite 

Straight 

LESSON  XXXVI. 

Cap  tain 

Me  dium 

Certif  icate 

Rec  tify 

Cal  ico 

Unscru  pulous 

Confec  tionery 

Phar  macy 

Gest  ure 

Embroid  er 

Indepen  dent 

Due  at 

Su  icide 

Through 

Tes  timony 

Condu  cive 

Beseech 

Paral  ysis 

Pal  sam 

Judi  cioue 

Caprice 

Col  loquy 

Approx  imate 

Rum  mage 

Pease 

Stat  ute 

Interfere 

Hap  pily 

Hila  rious 

Bal  lad 

Sac  rament 

Def  erence 

Pu  rity 

Bob  bin 

Fanat  ic 

Absurd 

Celeb  rity 

Va  negated 

Fleece 

Gal  Ion 

Refu  sal 

Disinher  it 

Dyspep  sia 

Remit  tance 

Creroa  tiou 

Intim  idate 

Superintend  ent 

Sup  plemeut 

HFTY  LESSONS  IN  SPELLING. 


21 


LESSON  XXXVII 

Burlesque 

Phase 

Conven  ient 

Cus  toruer 

Ar  chitect 

Screech 

Vault 

Shriv  el 

Ag  grandize 

Sur  cingle 

Hos  tile 

Ce  reals 

Or  chestra 

Lin  en 

Flor  id 

Implic  it 

Prosa  ic 

Hy  acinth 

Pal  ace 

Com  modore 

Tar  tar 

Guest 

Re  gal 

Dy  ing 

Tres  tie 

Ea  sy 

Pyr  amid 

Flip  pint 

Waive 

Ac  curacy 

Mor  al 

Ed  ifice 

Salt  rheum 

Ba  con 

Descend  ant 

Exor  bitant 

L(-op  ard 

Promis  cuous 

Min  strel 

Ni  trogeu 

Inter  pret 

Hallelu  jab 

Zouave 

Masquerade 

Dandeli  on 

Invis  ible 

Buz  zard 

Gla  zier 

LESSON  XXXVIII. 

Sta  tionary 

Tern  perance 

Betroth 

Sta  tiouery 

Au  dible 

Coincide 

Appen  dix 

Cir  cumstance 

Dete  riorate 

Pan  tomime 

Por  celain 

Pi  ous 

Brand  new 

Blun  der 

Mag  istrate 

Post  al 

Tax  idermy 

Benef  icent 

Al  abaster 

Conirao  dious 

Impeach 

Deuce 

Sub  tie 

Insurrec  tion 

Recur  rence 

Agares  sor 

Dispense 

Placard 

Pbenoin  enun 

Pet  ulant 

Gal  lows 

Lev  ity 

Concus  sion 

Jean 

Bios  som 

Persuade 

Procras  tinate 

Violin 

Espe  cial 

Indispen  sable 

Dec  alogue 

Grey  hound 

Mor  tar 

Iden  tical 

Pow  wow 

Del  icate 

Mat  tress 

Rite 

FIFTY   LliSSONS  IN  SPELLING 


LESSON  XXXIX 

Per  manent 

Creden  tial 

Equiv  alent 

Dolib  erate 

Alii  ance 

Crev  ice 

Mur  mur 

Fidel  ity 

Phrenol  ogy 

Bar  rel 

Cotifes  sion 

Applaud 

Supersti  tion 

Elegy 

Wright 

Relieve 

Predom  inate 

Gut  tural 

Oonstitn  tion 

Horizon  tal 

Boy  cott 

Tci-  ritory 

Rehearse 

Sac  rifice 

Ac-corn  pliee 

Haugh  ty 

Whoa 

Cir  riuge 

Capa  cious 

Severe 

Dumb 

Horn  age 

Chas  tist  ment 

Trien  nial 

Rar  ity 

Spe  cialty 

Com  rade 

Epideni  ic 

Flour  ish 

Liz  ard 

Post  script 

Forfeit 

Deinol  ish 

Blaspheme 

Ceu  tral 

Nour  ish 

Trapeze 

Nox  ious 

LESSON  XL. 

Dissatisfac  tiou 

Deli  cious 

Traf  ticking 

Grim  inal 

Peer 

Cov  etous 

Sur  face 

Gnaw 

Invalid 

Allege 

Fab  ric 

Ame  nable 

Las  situde 

Rout 

Reg  iment 

Forebode 

Route 

For  eign 

Lat  itude 

Propel 

Intermit  tent 

Com  et 

Mas  sacre 

Ascend 

Pala  tial 

Bal  last 

Illus  trious 

Impu  nit.v 

Pappoose 

Ped  igree 

Obnox  ious 

Contempt  ible 

Ver  it'y 

Er  raud 

Reprieve 

Sal  ary 

Ed  ible 

Suf  focate 

Jeop  ardy 

Trib  une 

Inim  itable 

Cer  tain 

Democ  racy 

Polonaise 

Ster  eoscope 

Free  ipice 

luel  iaible 

Disfrau  chise 

FIFTY  LESSONS  IN   SPELLING. 


23 


LESSON  XLI. 

Prej  udice 

Frig  id 

Ma  jor 

Adja  cent 

Scaf  fold 

Tai  lor 

Precep  tor 

Altogeth  er 

Stand  ard 

E  got  ism 

Prac  ticable 

Ad  miral 

Pit  eous 

Doc  trine 

En  viable 

Mes  seuger 

Ini  pions 

Breathe 

Relapse 

U  niform 

Salm  on 

An  nals 

Poi  sou 

Human  ity 

Peel 

Circum  ference 

Nav  igate 

Pic  nic 

Valid 

Hogs  head 

An  gular 

Gnash 

Wretch 

Fru  gal 

Pierce 

Fil  lar 

Bi  as 

Instauta  neous 

Elab  orate 

See  nery 

No  tary 

Mys  tery 

Lemonade 

Par  asol 

Obit  uary 

Indus  trious 

Substan  tial 

Ineffi  cimt 

SUPPLEMENTARY  EXERCISES. 

WORDS  COMMONLY  USED  IN  BUSINESS. 


Inventory 

Freight 

Remittance 

Invoice 

Judgment 

Telegram 

Wholesale 

Account 

Occurrence 

Syndicate 


LESSON  XLII. 

Resources 

Accrued 

Commercial 

Acknowledgment 

Recommend 

Competition 

Negotiable 

Acceptance 

Insurance 

Convenience 


Business 

Warranty 

Concede 

Respectfully 

Valid 

Owing 

Injunction 

Dividend 

Currency 

Bargain 


FIFTY  LESSONS  IN  SPELLING 


LESSON  XL1II. 

Lease 

Plaintiff 

Remunerate 

Teller 

Creditor 

Concession 

Quotations 

Allowance 

Mortgage 

Ledger 

Confidence 

Accommodation 

Execution 

Package 

Commerce 

Gauging 

Shipped 

Collector 

Assignee 

Consignee 

Maturity 

Tariff 

Experience 

Approximate 

Preferred 

Usury 

Conveyance 

Attachment 

Certified 

Envelope 

Coupon 

Expense 

Monopoly 

Payee 

Immediate 

Deficit 

Classification 

Appraisal 

Balance 

Manifest 

Cornmodilies 

Indemnity 

Liabilities 

Receiver 

Capital 

Reference 

Guarantee 

Void 

LESSON  XLIV. 

Interest 

Lien 

Stenographer 

Calendar 

Liquidate 

Journal 

Voucher 

Proceeds 

Soliciting 

Statement' 

Katify 

Pecuniary 

Compliments 

License 

Confidential 

Bankrupt 

Partnership 

Premium 

Promissory 

Counterfeit 

Barrel 

Collateral 

Abbreviate 

Chattel 

Weight 

Infringement 

Deposit 

Affidavit 

Embezzlement 

Bushel 

Damaire 

Protest 

Tonnage 

Deferred 

Compensation 

Average 

Copyright 

Indorsement 

Baggage 

Notary 

Auditor 

Schedule 

Administrator 

Discrepancy 

Responsibility 

Mucilage 

Commission 

Amanuensis 

FIKTY  LESSONS  IN  SPELLING. 


LESSON  XLV. 

Excellence 

Chronicle 

Commencement 

Preference 

Reciprocity 

Promenade 

Cemetery 

Perseverance 

Admittance 

Catarrh 

Equivalent 

Comrade 

Independent 

Aqueduct 

Monopoly 

Specimen 

Mucilage 

Obstacle 

Privilege 

Recommend 

Catechism 

Apoplexy 

Enthusiasm 

Discipline 

Paroxysm 

Sacrilegious 

Variety 

Assets 

Site 

Negotiable 

Opportunity 

Separate 

Twelfth 

Hypocrisy 

Tenant 

Beginner 

Precision 

Prejudice 

Pronunciation 

Implement 

Parachute 

Ascertain 

Vaccinate 

Intellectual 

Lucrative 

Promissory 

Dessert 

Architect 

LESSON  XLVI. 

Pursue 

Asthma 

Despair 

Vehicle 

Supersede 

Ridiculous 

Villain 

Syringe 

Mischievous 

Accommodate 

Delirium 

Paralysis 

Abolish 

Annihilate 

Exorbitant 

Miscellaneous 

Impossible 

Ineligible 

Victuals 

Appetite 

Gratuitous 

Occurrence 

Abstinence 

Reminiscence 

Disciple 

Vicinity 

Icicle 

Prairie 

Initiatory 

Illegible 

Diligent 

Harass 

Tyranny 

Exhilarate 

Amateur 

Competent 

Grandeur 

Teetotaler 

Prevalence 

Reference 

Parallel 

Rendezvous 

Cylinder 

Absence 

Exceed 

Calendar 

Fugitive 

Exaggerate 

FIFTY  LESSONS  IX  SPELLING. 


LESSON  XLVIL 

Dissension 
Seize 
Transferred 
Genuine 
Genealogy 
Sacrilege 
Pierce 

Exchequer 
License 
Charlatan 
Acquiesce 
Oscillate 
Obeisance 
Souveuir 

Accumulate 
Despicable 
Iniquitous 
Serviceable 
Militia 
Utensil 
Ventilate 

Simplicity' 
Diminutive 
Optician 
Illicit 
Excrescence 

Perennial 
Disparage 
Ragamuffin 
Affidavit 
Accrued 

Pneumatic 
illiterate 
Orthodox 
Neuralgia 
Testament 

Stereotype 
Sophomore 
Convalescent 
Interrupt 

Eligible 
Fictitious 
Gauge 
Chaplain 

Idolatry 
Labyrinth 
Stimulus 
Appearance 

LESSON  XLV1II 

Consonant 
Underrate 

Summary 
Statistics 

Pestilence 
Feud 

Dissimilar 

Bulletin 

Ridiculous 

Commemorate 

Leisure 

Mutilate 

Providential 
Naphtha 
Sluice 
Referred 

Pamphlet 
Signature 
Palsy 
Obsolete 

Deficit 
Bachelor 
Fuchsia 
Courteous 

Humiliate 
Persistence 
Plausible 

Capricious 
Dissolve 
Ludicrous 

Vehemence 
Variegated 
Prosaic 

Magnanimity 
Banana 

Alcohol 
Meerschaum 

Accomplice 
Inimitable 

Burglary 
Abridgment 
Positive 

Jubilee 
Petroleum 
Chandelier 

Indefatigable 
Integrity 
Preparation 

FIFTY  LESSONS  IN  SPELLING. 


LESSON  XLIX. 

Allegiance 

Frolic 

Fricassee 

Toboggan 

Nuisance 

Subterranean 

Caterpillar 

Obstinate 

Subpoena 

Parliament 

Liniment 

Fac  simile 

Pleurisy 

Erysipelas 

Indelible 

Criticise 

Chargeable 

Vicissitude 

Irreparable 

Miracle 

Hemorrhage 

Physique 

Extravagant 

Prodigal 

Sustenance 

Emanate 

Heresy 

Acute 

Diphtheria 

Lacerate 

Baptize 

Elixir 

Infallible 

Exquisite 

Mutilate 

Nonpareil 

Capricious 

Auxiliary 

Unscrupulous 

Protestant 

Trespass 

Studious 

Pecuniary 

Inaugurate 

lieligiori   . 

Bivouac 

Incompetent 

Necessary 

LESSON  L. 

Cincinnati 

Mediterranean 

Suicide 

Louisiana 

St.  Augustine 

Surcingle 

Illinois 

Tennessee 

Icy 

Massachusetts 

Nicaragua 

Dyeing 

Ann  Arbor 

Quito 

Laboratory 

February 

San  Jose 

Pneumonia 

Havana 

Wednesday 

Busy 

Los  Angeles 

Yo  semite 

Surname 

Boise  City 

Worcester 

Owing 

Mississippi 

Assassin 

Censure 

Omaha 

Describe 

Bouquet 

Chautauqna 

Financial 

Hypothesis 

Missouri 

Singeing 

Accordion 

Nevfida 

Mosquito 

Mimicking 

Santa  Fe 

Martyr 

Lose 

Dakota 

Bicycle 

Misspell 

UNIVERSITY  OF  CALIFORNIA  LIBRARY 

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